224 NYMPIIALID.E. NYMPHALIN.E. TANAECIA. 



"This unique species possesses three distinct and interesting features :— firstly, the palpi have a much 

 shorter slender termination than other species of the genus, thus being somewhat intermediate in that respect 

 between Euthalia and Tanai'cia, though the position of the first subcostal nervule of the hindwing clearly 

 denotes its relation to the last-named genus ; secondly, it very closely resembles the female of Euthalia macnairi, 

 a resemblance which may or may not lind its subsequent explanation by the theory of ' mimicry" ; and thirdly, 

 it is a species of extreme rarity." (Distant, 1. c.) The type specimen is unique, and the male is unknown. 



Tanaecia nicrMlei, Distant, Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., fifth series, vol. xiv, p. 199 (1884). Habitat : 

 Perak. Expanse: ^/d/i;, 2"7 inches. Description: "Malb. Upperside very dark brownish, with a violaceous 

 tinge. /-Vir^y/w^ with the cell crossed by two Liasal black lines, continued beneath to the median nervure, two 

 black lines near middle of cell, the innermost of which has a parallel line between the lower median nervule 

 and the submedian nervure, and a single black line at end of cell ; a small bluish spot near apex and a marginal 

 bluish fascia commencing about middle of wing and gradually widening to outer angle, where it possesses two 

 inner lanceolate black spots margined with bluish beneath the lower median nervule, and an inner black streak 

 at inner margin. Hindwitig with a very broad outer marginal bluish fascia, narrowest at apex of wing, 

 inwardly margined with small blacki.sh spots, and containing a medial series of blackish spots placed between 

 the nervules, which become practically obsolete at the area of the median nervules ; three obscure blackish lines 

 crossing cell, two near middle, and one at apex; abdominal margin brownish ochraceous. Undersidk pale 

 brownish ochraceous. Forcwing with the black linear markings as above, followed by a transverse series of 

 five broad fuscous streaks placed between the nervules, those at end of cell largest ; a pale violaceous marginal 

 fascia with an inner series of lanceolate blackish spots. Hindwing with the broader outer bluish fascia as 

 above, but paler and more violaceous, its medial spots smaller, but more continuous and distinct, the three dark 

 lines crossing cell as above, a looped line beneath the costal nervure, and an outer cellular series of three dark 

 spots separated by the lower subcostal and discoidal nervules. Body above and beneath, with legs, more or less 

 concolourous with wings." 



" This interesting species of Tanaecia belongs to the section of the genus which includes T. Jiora, Putler* 

 and, like it, has the colouration and appearance of an Euthalid above." {Distant, 1. c.) The type specimen is 

 deposited in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 



Tanaecia snpercilia, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 610, n. 4, pi. xlv, fig, 7, male; id.. Distant, 

 Rhop. Malay., p. 130, n. 2, pi. xv, fig. 8, 7nale (1883). Habitat: Penang, Expanse: 287 inches. 

 Description: "Malb. Closely allied to T. variina, Vollenhoven [from Java]. Uppkrside coloured 

 as in T, pclca, Fabricius [from Java], but with the lunular fascia of the hitidiuing more curved and 

 with basal markings punctiform [dot-shaped]. Underside pale fuscous, the interno-basal area of the Joreiuing 

 yellowish, the discal fascia silky-whitish, the spots of the hituhving wider black ; otherwise as in T. varuna." 



" A local representative of T. varuna. Lieutenant Roberts has assured me that the nearly allied species 

 of the Adolias \_ — Etitluilia\ group are quite constant to their localities ; otherwise 1 should have considered this 

 to be a variety of T- varuna." (Butler, I.e.) Mr. Distant has never seen this species, and the female has 

 still to be discovered. It is entirely without blue markings on the upperside. 



Tanaecia robertsii, Butler, Cist. Ent., vol. i, p. 235 (1874) ; T. robertsi. Distant, Rhop. Malay., p. 132 

 < 1883). Habitat: Malacca, Ayerpanas. Exi'anse : 2"3 iuches. Description: "Male. Upperside pale 

 olive-brown ; apical half pearly-white, bounded just beyond end of cell by an irregular blackish undulated line ; 

 a second zigzag line across the middle of disc, interrupted on lower discoidal interspace of ih& J'orewing ; a 

 series of submarginal hastate black markings ; margin rather broadly pale brown ; ring-like characters at base 

 as usual, blackish. Body hxov/n. Underside much paler, the brown area altered to pale ochraceous; the 

 black lunated lines of disc broken up into spots, the ha.state markings only sharply defined at their apioes ; 

 basal markings as above, but more sharply defined on the hindwing. Body pale ochraceous." 



" Most nearly allied to y. j«/e»fi7iVi, Butler, but smaller, with the entire externo-discal area of both wings 

 pearly-whitish, and the hastate submarginal markings distinctly separated from one another as in T. violaria." 

 Butler, 1. c.) This species also is unknown to Mr. Distant, and the female has yet to be discovered. 



Tanaecia violaria, Butler, Proc, Zool. Soc. Lond., 186S, p. 612, n. 11, pi. xlv, fig. 8, female; id.. Distant, 

 Rhop. Malay., p. 130, n. 3, pi. xv, fig. 9, female (1S83). Habitat: Singapore, Borneo. Expanse: 325 

 inches. Description: "Female. Upperside, bolh luings {uscous. Forewing asm 7" >f/(?<i, Fabricius, but 

 the entire margin fuscous. Hindwing with the lunular submarginal fascia increasing at the anal angle, 

 near the apex with snow-white lunules, near the anal angle purple, inwardly defined by fuscous luiiules, 

 outwardly with sagittate fuscous spots, terminated on the outside with whitish chiefly near the apex. Undersiub 

 as in T. pulasaia, Moore, but the basal area fuscous-yellowish (not ochreous-wliitishj and with the arrow marks 

 of the hindzving violaceous and longer." 



"Allied to T. vikrama, Felder [from Sumatra], but very distinct." {Butler, 1. c.) This species is uuknown 

 to Mr. Distant, and the male has yet to be discovered." 



Tanaecia ( Adolias) pulasara, Moore, Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Lep Mus E. I. C, vol. i, p. 190, n. 382 

 (1857); idem, id. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., new series, vol. v, p. 71, n. 16, pi. vi, lig. 2 U839K Tanaecia 

 ////aj-am, Butler, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zoology, second series, vol. i, p. 540, n. 2 '1877); id.. Distant, 

 Khop. Malay,, p. 130, n. 4, pi. xix, fig. 6, 7uale ; pi. xiv, fig. 13, female U883) ! Tanaecia varunu, butler («tv 

 Vollenhoven), i'roc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 186S, p. 611, n. 5, part. H\bitat : Pcnang, Perak, Malacca, Singapore. 

 Expanse: 2-7 to 3' i inches. Description: "Male. Upperside fuliginous-brown, Forezving v/'iihiha cM 

 crossed by four blackish lines, followed by a similar but waved line a little beyond apex ; between the last two 

 lines the colour is somewhat violaceous, the markings beneath cell being much as in T. violaria ; a transverse 

 series of six large oblong greyish spots on apical half of wing, placed between the nervules, the upper five of 

 which are margined with fuscous and conically rounded inwardly and acutely excavated outwardly, the third 

 spot being smallest, the sixth situated between the first median nervule and the submedian nervure is doubly 

 angulated outwardly aud irregularly truncate inwardly ; these are followed by an elongate spot or streak on 

 inner margin, and are all more or less sufi"used with brownish, and outwardly folio ,ved by five small viol.iceous 

 and inwardly pointed spots, the nervules which separate them are distinctly infuscated to margin. Hindwing 

 with the cell crossed by two black lines near base and two near apex, the last being followed by a small blacH 

 streak on each side of second median nervule ; a transverse series of seven spots on apical half of wing smaller 

 and more regular, but margined and inwardly rounded and outwardly angulated as on fore\ying, — of these spots 

 the upper three are greyish and outwardly margined with violaceous, the remainder being concolourous with 

 wing ; abdominal margin much paler aud somewhat pinky. Underside pale and violaceous. Forewing with 

 the basal half ochraceous, with the dark linear markings generally as above, the large transverse spots on apical 

 half as above, but more fused, with the pale colour extending to outer margin. Hindiving with the cellular 

 and adjacent markings as above ; a curved black line above and near base of subcostal nervure, and au obUque 

 scries of three small black spots separated by the subcostal nervules a little beyond cell ; the transverse spots on 

 upperside only iiidiiated by their black terminal margins, which form two transverse series of spots, between 

 which the colour is tinged with ochraceous. Body and le^s more ot less coucolourous with wings. Female. 



