NYMPHALID.E. NYMPHALIN.E, PYRAMEIS. 225 



Geaus 80.— PYRAMEIS, HUbner. (Plate XVIII). 



Pyrameh, Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 33 (1816) ; id., Doubleday, Gen. Diurn. Lep., vol. I, p. 202 

 (1849); id., Moore, Lep. Cey., p. 49 (1881); id., Felder, Neues Lep.. p. 13, n. 24(1861); id.. Godman and 

 Salvin. Biol. Cent.-Am., Rhop, p. 217 (1882) ; Faxwa, Hubner (w<: Fabricius), Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 32 

 (i8i6) ; Ammiralis, Rennie, Consp., p. 10 (1832) ; Bassaris, Hiibner, Ex. Schmett., vol. ii (1816-21). 



" Head, of moderate width, hairy ; eyes, nearly round, hairy ; palpi, porrect, slightly 

 ascending, convergent, projecting fully half their length beyond the forehead, .scaly, slightly 

 hairy in front, more so on the sides and upper surface of the second joint. First joint 

 subcylindric, much curved ; second joint more than three times as long as the first, subcylindric, 

 stouter a little beyond the middle, then narrowed to the apex ; third joint less than half the 

 length of the second, elongate-conic, the apex rather obtuse ; antenmv, about three-fourths 

 the length of the body, rather slender, terminating in a short somewhat pyriform club, of 

 which the terminal joints taper to a point. Thorax, oval, moderately stout, hairy. Abdomen, 

 stout, about half the length of the inner margin of the hindwing. Forewing, subtriangular ; 

 the rt';)t'x more or less truncate ; the C(7.f/a/ W(z;-^/« but little curved; outer margin but three- 

 fourths the length of the costal, sinuate, emarginate ; inner margin slightly longer than the 

 outer, straight, or slightly emarginate. Costal neiviire stout, extending to the middle of the 

 costa ; .f«3r(?.f/a/ nervure slender, lying close to the costal ; its first and second branches aris- 

 ing near to one another, and but little before the end of the cell, the third arising at about 

 two-thirds of the distance from the base to the apex, terminating at the apex, the fourth 

 rather nearer to the origin of the third than to the outer margin ; upper and middle disco- 

 cellular nervules all but wanting ; loiaer disco-cellular very slender, sometimes nearly atrophied, 

 arising from the second discoidal nervule at a short distance from its origin, nearly straight, 

 directed outwards, anastomosing with the third median nervule at some distance from its 

 origin, at a point where it is slightly angulated. Hindwing, somewhat obovate ; the 

 in?ier margin the longest ; the costal and outer margins of about equal length, the former 

 rounded, the latter more or less sinuate and subdentate- Prczco.ttal nervure sim^lt, or slight- 

 ly bifid, the outer branch nearly atrophied ; discoidal nervule arising from the second subcostal 

 soon after its origin ; lower disco-cellular nervule very slender, anastomosing with the median 

 nervure opposite to the origin of its second branch. Forelegs, of the male densely hairy ; 



Upperside generally as in male. Underside pale ochraceous. Forewing with the greyish spots as .-ibove, 

 but clearer, and with the pale colour extending beyond the outer margin. Hindwing marked as above, but 

 paler, and with an additional series of three looped dark lines placed near the cell and divided by the subcostal 

 nervules, and three small spots beneath the median nervure, divided by the second and first median nervules." 



" Variety a" (Distant, Rhop. Malay., p. 131, pi. xviii, fig. 9, female (1883) ; Adolias indras, Vollenhoven, 

 Tijd. Ent., vol. v, p. 194, n. 15, pi. xi, fig. 1, female (1862). Habitat : Malacca, Borneo. Exp.\nse : Fcma/c, 3'i 

 inches. Dkscriftion : "Female. Uppersids. Closely allied to the typical form of V. /«//tjrtra, but difTering 

 in having the transverse series of greyish spots on the foreiuitig more slender and elongated, the fourth and 

 fifth being much longer than the corresponding spots in Sloore's species, the outer dentate margins are also lojiger 

 and more acute ; the transverse spots on hindwing are more linear and elongate, particularly the two which are 

 divided by the second median nervule, and their outer dentate margins are also longer and more acute. These 

 characters also apply to the underside." 



"This species appears to be almost confined to the Malay Peninsula ; both the typical male and fem,nle 

 specimens here figured being from Singapore, whilst the variety ( 7". indras) was collected in Malacca. Of the 

 last Mr. Butler, from a knowledge derived from Vollenhoven's figure alone, remarked, ' this is only the Bornean 

 form of Moore's /«/rii«>-a,' a statement which this Mal.accan specimen considerably qualifies. Another closeiy- 

 allied species, or variety, of T. fiulasara is found in Sumatra, and has been described under the name of T. 

 vikmnia, Felder. Females of the typical form of the species are also variable in hue, as in some specimens 

 the transverse series of pale spots on the upperside of the forewing are outwardly margined with small p,-ile 

 violaceous angulated spots, which are absent in the somewhat melanic specimen here figured." [Distanf, I.e.) 

 There are a pair of this species from Perak in the collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, and a m.tle in my 

 own from Penang. 



Tanai'da ( Adolias) aruna,Te\&eT,\W\^n. Ent. Monatsch., vol. iv, p. 400, 11.24(1860); Tanaecia. aru'ia, 

 Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond , 1868, p. 611, n. 6 ; idem, id.. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zoology, second series, 

 vol. i, p. 540, n. I (1877); id., Distant, Khop. Malay., p. 132, n. 5, pi. xv, fig. 7, mate (1S83) ; ^^'oZ/Vii 

 purdah's, Vollenhoven, Tijd. Ent., vol. v, p. 197, n. 17, pi. xi, fig. 5, male (1862). Habitat: Malacca, Java. 

 Expanse: 2*4 inches. Description: "Male. Closely allied to T. piilasara, but the transverse series of spots 

 on the appERSiDR of botli wings paler and longer, those of the forewing'hs.wm^ a medial waved narrow brown 

 fascia, and those on the hindwins; being also paler and having their outer margins a little nearer to the posterior 

 margin. Underside more ochraceous, and with a narrow, distinct, intermediate, dark ochraceous fascia 

 between the dark terminal margins of the transverse spots as seen on the hindwing." 



"The female has yet to be described, but is probably somewhat similar to the other sex, and not more 

 divergent than arc the sexes of the closely-allied species T. pulasard' (Distant, 1. c.) 



29 



