NYMPHALID/E. N VMril ALIN/E. VANESSA. 237 



530- Vanessa egoa, Cramer, 

 Papilio egett, Cramer, Pap. Ex., vol. i, pi. Ixxviii, figs. C, D (1775) ; P l-album, Hubner, Eur. Schmett., 

 vol. i, figs. 90, 91 (1794?); Vanessa l-album, Godart, Enc. M6th., vol. ix, p. 303, n. 18 {iZi()) ; Pti/>ilio 

 triangiiluni, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., vol. iii, pt. i, p. 125, n. 381 (1793) ; P. vau-album, Esper (net Wiener 

 Verzeichniss), Schmett., vol. i, pt. 2, pi. Iii, fig. i (17S0). 



Habitat : Parts of South Europe, the Caspian, Asia Minor, Persia, Turkestan, Kouldja, 

 Quetta. 



Expanse : 175 to 2-4 inches. 



Description : Female. Uppekside, bothtvings pale fulvous, the outer margins with two 

 fuscous-ferruginous lines, with a series of indistinct pale yellow lunules within. Fotewivg 

 with two black spots, one above the other in the middle of the cell, a large quadrate spot 

 from the costa to the third median neivule at its end, a round spot in the middle of 

 the submedian interspace, a diffused blackish patch on the costa near the apex, with other 

 indistinct markings of a darker fulvous than the ground-colour on the disc, hinawiug 

 with a black spot on the middle of the costa reaching the second subcostal nervule, and 

 another at the end of the cell. Underside, both wings pale brown, beautifully marbled 

 and streaked with various shades of ochreous, brown and black, a discal irregular pale band. 

 Hindwing with a white mark at the end of the cell formed of two straight lines meeting at 

 a very obtuse angle like a broad letter V. The male does not differ from the female, 



This description is taken from a single female specimen captured at Quetta, 6,500 feet, 

 which is the only occurrence of V. egea within Indian limits known to me. It differs from 

 European specimens of the species in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, in lacking the two 

 round black spots on the disc of the forewing on the upperside, divided by the second 

 median nervule, but there are traces of these lost spots, there being spots in their place of 

 a deeper shade of fulvous than the ground-colour. V. egea has the inner margin of the fore- 

 wing almost straight, the costa of the forewing hardly at all excavated at the base, and the 

 outer margin of both wings much less angled than in the following species. 



The larva in Europe is described by Dr. Lang (Butt, of Eur., p. 169) as being " blue 

 and spiny, second segment striped transversely with black and yellow. Said to be solitary on 

 Parietaria officinalis,'" 



531- Vanessa C-alTsum, Linnaeus. 



Papilio c-album,\lxvD.^\x%, Syst. Nat.,ed. x, p. 477, n. 115 (1758) ; idem, id., Faun. Suec, p. 279, n. 1059(1761) ; 

 idem, id., Syst. Nat., ed. xii, vol. i, pt. 2, p. 778, n. 168 (1767) ; id., Esper, Schmett., vol. i, pt. i, pi. xiii, fig. 3 

 (1777) j pt- 2, pi. lix, fig. 3 (1780 1) ; id., Hubner, Eur. Schmett., vol. i, figs. 92, 93 (1794 ?J ; Vanessa c-albtnii* 

 Godart, Enc. Meth., vol. ix, p. 302, n. 17 (1819) ; id., Herrich-Schiiffer, Schmett. Eur., vol. i, figs. 159, 160 (1844); 

 id., Lang, Ent. Month. Mag., vol. v, p. 34 (1868) ; id., Elwes, f roc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 403 ; Papilio 

 g-albttm, Fourcroy, Ent. Paris, vol. ii, p. 235 (1785) ; Vanessa comma-alba. Miller, Brit. Ent., pi. i, fig. 3 

 (1821) ; V. melanosticta, Stephens, Cat. Brit. Lep., vol. i, p. 11 (1856), var. ; Papilio c-albu?ii, Hubner, Eur. 

 Schmett., vol. i, figs. 637, 638 (1824), var.; P. /-album, Esper, Schmett., vol. i, pt. 2, pi. ixxxvii, fig. 1(1783), var.; 

 Crapta agnicula, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1872, p. 559. 



Habitat : Europe, Asia Minor, Persia, Armenia, Himalayas. 



Expanse : i 8 to 2-3 inches. 



Description : Male and female. Upperside, both ivinos varying in shade from light 

 fulvous to dark fulvous-red, the base irrorated with fuscous, and with a marginal black band, 

 sometimes very broad on the hindwing and enclosing a series of spots of the ground-colour, at 

 others much narrower, with a series of black more or less conjoined spots within, divided from 

 it by a band of the ground-colour, sometimes on the forewing with a series of pale yellow 

 spots placed inwardly against it, Foreioitig with a black bar in the middle of the cell often 

 divided into two well-separated spots one above the other, a black bar at the end of the cell 

 from the costa to the third median nervule, sometimes with a diffused pale yellow costal patch 

 placed outwardly against it, with a wedge-shaped black bar beyond ; with three rounded 

 discal spots and a fourth less distinct diffused spot near the anal angle. Hindwittg with three 

 discal black spots. Underside extremely variable, the ground-colour sometimes ochreous, 



