NYMPHALID^. NYMPHALIN^. CYRESTIS. 249 



first branch arising at the distance of one-third of the length of the wing from its base, 

 second branch arising at a very little distance beyond the first, close to the anterior extremity 

 of the discoidal cell, third branch arising at about two-thirds of the length of the wing, 

 fourth branch arising half way between the base of the third and the tip of the wing, to which 

 it extends, the terminal division of the vein itself being rather deflexed, [sometimes with the 

 second branch arising some distance beyond the end of the cell, the third midway between 

 the origin of the second and the fourth], upper disco-cellular nervule very short and longi- 

 tudinal, forming the base of the upper discoidal nervule, middle and lower disco-cellulars 

 forming a straight transverse termination to the discoidal cell, which forms a triangle occupying 

 about one-third of the length of the wing, the lower disco-cellular being about three times the 

 length of the middle one, very slender, sometimes almost or entirely obsolete, and united with 

 the median nervure exactly at the base of its third branch, which is regularly arched, 

 [In some species the lower disco-cellular is directed obliquely inwards, and meets the median 

 nervure exactly midway between the origin of the first and second median nervules.] 

 HiNDWiNG, somewhat hexagonal, elongated, the r(?j/a;/ ;«(3!;-^w nearly straight for more than 

 half its length, when it is emarginate to the outer angle [in some species, in others it is 

 continued straight to the apex], outer margin sinuated from the outer angle to the extremity of 

 the third median nervule, where the wing is produced into a short, narrow, curved, and obtuse 

 tail [in some species, in others it is evenly rounded throughout, with no anal lobe] thence to the 

 anal angle the wing appears truncate, the anal angle itself being developed into a short, broad, 

 spatulated tail ; prcecostal no-vure forming a slender, curved, simple spur, costal nervure much 

 curved along its basal portion, then straight to the commencement of the emargination at the 

 outer angle of the wing, subcostal nervure branched at about one-fourth of the length of the 

 wing from the base, emitting the upper disco-cellular nervule (close to the origin of its branch) 

 which forms the base of the discoidal nervule, lower disco-cellular arising at the same distance 

 from the base of the upper disco-cellular as exists between the base of the subcostal nervure 

 and its branch, lower disco-cellular straight, very thin, and united to the median nervure at 

 the base of its third branch. Forelegs, of the viale very slender, short, and pectoral ; the 

 femur as long as the remainder of the limb, curved outwardly about the middle, and clothed 

 beneath with long silky hairs ; tibia very slender, scaly, clothed within with short hairs, 

 as is also the tarsus, which is not above one-fifth of the length of the tibia, very slender, 

 simple, and exarticulate : of the /(?w«/^ considerably longer than those of the male, slender, and 

 pectoral ; femur thickly clothed beneath with short silky hairs ; tibia slender, gradually 

 thickened towards the tip, finely scaly ; tarsus gradually thickened, short, with several pairs 

 of minute spines near the tip beneath, indicating the very short articulations, the three 

 terminal ones being extremely short, last joint without any claws or their appendages. Middle 

 and HINDLEGS, long and slender, scaly ; tibia with a few very minute spines, arranged 

 wide apart in two rows, tibial spurs very short ; tarsi equal in length to the tibias, with several 

 rows of minute spines on the under surface, basal joint about half the length of the tarsus, 

 terminal joint furnished with long setae on its upperside at the tip ; claws small, much curved ; 

 ^rt/-<7«j'c,^/« bilaciniated, finely setose, the outer lacinia curved, broader, and obtuse, the inner 

 lacinia small, narrow, slender, and rather pointed. Transformations unknown." (IVestivood, 1. c.) 

 The structural characters of the genus Cyrestis exhibit great variety ; like the genera 

 Hestina, Neptis and Argynnis it can be divided into two groups by the position of the second 

 subcostal nervule of the forewing, which in three species which are the smallest in the genus 

 and of a tawny colour, arises long after the end of the cell ; in the other group containing 

 the typical species, all of which are larger than those in the first group, though some have 

 the tawny colouration, the second subcostal nervule is emitted before the end of the cell. 

 The former group has been erected into a separate geiuis by Mr. Distant under the name of 

 Chersonesia, his description of it is given below.* The outline of the wings in Cyrestis 



* Genus Chersonesia. Distant, Rhop Malay., p. 142(1883); Cyrestis, section ii, Felder, Neues Lep,, 

 p 24 n 54 (1861). " This genus is closely allied to Cyrestis, from winch it piiiicipally and structurally differs 

 bv th*-' neuration of the forewing, of which the first subcostal nervule only is emitted before the termination 

 of the cell, the second being emitted between the apex of cell and base of third subcostal nervule ; the other 



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