NYMniAUD.^. NYMPIIALIN/E. CVRESTIS. 255 



the name of C. formosa* occurs also in Orissa, in Upper Tenasserim and in Perak, it has 

 the markings and ground-colour a little paler than typical C. codes, but the base of both 

 wings is tinted with apple green 5 lastly the form described from Malacca by Mr. Distant 

 under the name of C. earli f occurs also at Perak, in the Andamans, at Rangoon, in Tavoy, 

 at Shelapunji, Khasi Hills in October, and in Orissa ; the ground-colour is pure white, 

 and all the markings are sepia. Typically each of these forms can be readily distinguished, but 

 they more or less grade into each other, and they do not appear to be due to seasonal 

 variation, but as they occur almost always together, I do not believe them to represent so 

 many distinct and separate species, but one trimorphic one. 



548- Cyrestis periander, Fabricius. 



PapUio periander, Fabricius, Mant. Ins., vol. ii, p. 9, n. 74 (1787); idem, id., Ent. Syst., vol. iii, 

 pt. I, p. 67, n. 208 (1793); id., Donovan, Ins. Ind., pi. xxxvii, fig. i (1800); Nymphalis periander, 

 Godart. Enc. Mah., vol. ix, p. 362, n. 42(1823); Paphia periander, Horsfield, Cat. Lep. E. I. C, pi. v, 

 figs. 3, 3J (1829) ; Cyrcstis periander, Butler, Cat. Fab. Lep. B. M., p. 82, n. 2 (1869). 



Habitat : Mysore (Weshvood) ; Assam {Biitkr) ; Mergui Archipelago, Tavoy, Java. 

 Expanse : i'6 to I'g inches. 



Description : Male. Upperside white, forewing crossed by the following pale 

 ochreous narrow bands :— a short one at the base of the cell, another just beyond reaching 

 the inner margin, a third crossing the cell only, the disco-cellulars marked by a fourth, two 

 others crossing the disc from the cosla to the inner margin, the outer one somewhat dilated 

 at the apex. The outer margin broadly blackish, widest anteriorly, bearing a submarginal 

 irregular fine whitish lunular line marked within by some black obscure dots, and an extremely 

 fine marginal black line defined on each side with an equally fine white line. Hind-wing 



• Cyrestis formosa, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep., vol. iii, p. 412, n. 631 (1867). Habitat : Andaman Isles 

 Expanse: Not given. Description: "Male. Uppersidb opalescent-whitish, with the base and the veins 

 towards it slightly tinted with greenish, immediately beyond the middle an ochraceous-fuscous striga outward- 

 ly waved Cespecially in the forewing) and joined to a cinerascent fascia opalescent in certain positions mart'ined 

 with white, broader in the forewing, composed of lunules, decreasing in the hindwing, immediately bl'yond 

 the fascia another margined with ochraceous-cinereous, broader in the forewing, irregular, submacular, contracted 

 at the third median nervule, bearing six differently formed whitish spots, including an ochraceous pupil powder- 

 ed with whitish and black (the two lower larger, the lowest bipupilled), in the hindwing decreasing bearing a 

 decreasing chain of ocellate spots similar to those of the forewing, this outwardly with another narrower 

 whitish fascia, divided in the middle by a cinerascent striga, opalescent in certain positions, in the forewing 

 formed of lunules, in the hindwing nearly entire, and ceasing at the first median nervule, immediately beyond 

 this with the margin as far as the cilia pale ochraceous-yellowish, divided by a very slender black streak bordered 

 with white and outwardly also very narrowly with cinereous, forewing with three fuscous marks below the costa 

 a violascent-blackish litura and another ochraceous-fulvescent in a pair, a triple ochraceous-fulvescent litura! 

 sullied with black, then anochraceous-fulvescent litura and another violascent-blackish in a pair cellular a slender 

 violascent-blackish triple disco-cellular litura bent like an S, the ground between it and the preceding litura 

 irrorated with ochraceous, a diffused ochraceous-fulvous litura and another violaceous-blackish internal below 

 the median nervure, a flexuous broken discal fascia ochraceous-fulvescent, inwardly girdled with whitish and 

 violaceous-blackish, the ground between it and up to the litura irrorated with ochraceous. hindwing with an ochra- 

 ceous-fulvous striga and another blackish-violascent slender in a pair basal, a triple disco-cellular litura 

 angulated, scarcely beyond the cell a violascent-blackish streak and an ochraceous-fulvous fascia these hind- 

 wardly strongly bent, the ground about the disco-cellular litura as far as the above blackish streaks irrorated 

 with ochraceous, an anal whitish spot, slenderly circled with violaceous-blackish, the pupil cinereous, inwardly 

 a blackish lunule bearing a " freta" and another similar but aborted in the lobe, the little tail whitish." 



"This beautiful species is most nearly allied to C. cassander, Felder, from the Philippines, but is considerably 

 larger, has distinctly longer and broader wings and the outer border of the forewing between the veins more 

 evenly and deeper undulatingly cut out." (Felder, I.e.) 



t Cyrestes earli. Distant, Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., fifth series, vol xi, p. 174 (1S83I; idem id. Rhop 

 M.alay., p. 141, n. 2, pl. xiu, fig. 5, male (1S83). Habitat : Malacca. Expanse : 2-3 inches. Dhscriptio.n * 

 " Male. Upperside, both wiu^s creamy white, with the basal third slightly and palely infuscated and with two 

 narrow oblique brownish fascia; :— the first commencing on median ner\ure and at about middle of cell of forewing 

 and extending to about middle of submedian nervure of hindwing, down which it is continued to near ana! 

 angle ; the second commencing on forewing at base of second median nervule, and extending to near apex of first 

 median nervule of hindwing, whence it is strongly sinuated and angulated to submedian nervure Cell of 

 forewing with four transverse brownish fascise, the fourth at end of cell having a medial brownish line • a 

 similarly formed fascia closing cell of hindwing ; an irregular brownish patch beyond cell of forewin^ ; at about 

 one-third from apex a narrow brownish fascia crosses both wings. The apex of the forewing is broadly'infuscaled ■ 

 and a submarginal series of obscure spots (absent at middle of forewing) outwardly margined by a narrow 

 brown fascia crosses both wings; a marginal blackish line; the extreme margin brownish, with creamy white 

 cilia ; an ochraceous patch at anal angle of hindwing. on which are two bluish spots marked with black • 

 caudate append.iges bluish. Underside much paler than above ; markings generally similar, but spots darker' 

 with a large black spot at anal angle of hindwing, and the spots divided by the subcosta: nervules of hind- 

 wing and those between the second and first median nervules of forewing very prominent and black. Bodv 

 and legs more or less concolourous with wings." 



';C. earli holds a somewhat intermediate position between C. sericeus, Butler [from Borneo!, and C 

 /laitltnus, t elder [from the Moluccas]. {Dislanl, I c. in Rhop. Malay.) 



