26o NYMPHALID/E. NYMPIIALIN.'E. KALLIMA. 



in K. inachis, and there seems to be every gradation to the normal type in which the apex 

 of the forewing is produced and ends in a long process. The next thing appears to be the 

 shade of colour of the ground of the upperside. The eastern forms all seem to have it dark 

 bUiish-purple, while typical K. huegclii is much paler. K. buckleyi is probably synonymous with 

 this species, having the upperside uniform greyish-blue. This form is not the only one that 

 occurs in the Western Himalayas, as K. hoisdiivali vixiS. K. hutloni have the ground-colour as 

 dark or nearly so as in the typical eastern forms, and they are both recorded from the Western 

 Himalayas. Mr. Moore seems to consider tlie size of the discal hyaline spot in the forewing 

 important, in reality it is very variable, even in K, inachis which usually has it the largest, I 

 possess specimens in which it is almost obsolete. Lastly, as regards the colouration, mark- 

 ings, and prominence of the rib-line on the underside. These are all most variable characters, 

 and in my opinion afford no guide whatever to specific determination. To conclude, though 

 typical specimens of all the described species can doubtless be picked out, I am convinced 

 that integrades exist between them all, and that they are all varieties more or less inconstant 

 of a single species which stands as K. inachis. The distribution of the more prominent 

 varieties appears to me to be as follows : — 



The typical species, K. inachis, is a very large butterfly with the apex of the forewing 

 considerably produced in both sexes, most of course in the female, and being a resident of 

 the Eastern Himalayas and Assam, the colouring is naturally deep and rich. 



In the Western Himalayas it is replaced, as might naturally be expected, by a paler 

 form, A', hiiegelii, which diflfers from it in no respect except tone of colouration. 



In Burma it is replaced by a rather smaller form, K. li7nborgii, in which the apex of 

 the forewing is highly produced in the female only. In the male it is usually very slightly or not 

 at all produced ; and as might be expected from the climate, the colouration is deep and rich. 



There is still another form found in the Himalayas, in which the apex of the forewing is 

 produced in neither sex ; and wherever it occurs the colouration is dark and rich. It appears 

 as K. boisdnvali at Kasowli and Simla, K. huttoni at Masuri, K. ramsayi in Nepal, and 

 K, atkitisotii in Sikkim ; the latter, the Sikkim form, merging into, and being practically 

 inseparable from, K, inachis. It is just possible that this latter form diverging westwards 

 from the head-quarters in a wider and wider degree from the natural variation which takes the 

 form of K. huegclii in the west, may represent a distinct but closely-allied species with 

 its origin in the Western Himalayas, gradually approximating to the larger type, with the 

 apex produced in both sexes, as it extends eastward into the head-quarters of that form. For 

 tlie present I retain these four forms as distinct for convenience, and the key to the fulvous- 

 banded group of the genus will be as follows : — 



Zey to the Indian spe:ies of Eallima. 



Fust Group. 

 A, With the oblique band fulvous in both sexes. 



rt. Ape.\ of forewing prolonged into a slender point in prolongation of the costa in both sexes. 

 a' . Colouration of base of wings on upperside very dark indigo-purple. 



551. K. INACHIS, Himalayas, Assam, Sylhet, Cachar, Orissa, 

 Eastern Ghats, Pachmarhi. 



i'. Colouration of base of wings on upperside much lighter blue. 



552. K. HUEGELii, Western Himalayas. 



b. Apex of forewing typically prolonged in the female only. 



553. K. LiMBORGii, Tenasserim. 



c. Apex of forewing not prolonged in either sex. 



554- K, BoisnuvALi, Himalayas. 

 As pointed out above the colouration of the underside affords no reliable character as it 

 appears to me, nor do the hyaline spots, both characters being manifestly very variable, and 

 it is impossible to draw the line on these characters between K, buckleyi and K. kue^elii. So 

 also with regard to K. boisdnvali, K. huttoni, K. ramsayi, and K. atkinsoni, no reliable 

 characters are given on which to separate them, and as all four names bear the same date, I have 

 taken the western form, being the most divergent, as the typical one, which will thus stand 

 as A', boisduvali. 



