£76 NYMPIIALin.E. NYiMniALIN.-E. CHARAXE9. 



C. bharata. Under this name Dr. Fekler has described a form of C. athavias2A follows : — 

 " Male. Upperside as in C. athamas, but the fascia broader, in the hindwing not at all arched 

 outwardly towards the anterior portion. Foinuing with a much larger spot and another 

 subapical. Underside with the fascia of the upperside larger, otherwise as in C. athamas." 



*' May be distinguished from C, athamas, Drury, wiiich we have also received from Upper 

 India, by the forewing which is shorter, much less concave on the outer margin, and but slightly 

 angled, and by the greater length of the inner margin of the hindwing. Habitat : North India, 

 Darjeeling. Expanse : Not given. {Fddcr, Reise Novara, Lep., vol. iii, p. 438, n. 712 (1867). 



"This species is perhaps distinct from C. athamas; the British Museum has it from 

 Nepal, and white varieties from Northern India ; the typical form is also in the collection of 

 Captain Lang." (y7////t';-, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. Iig, n. 3.) The white varieties 

 above referred to by Mr. Butler I include under C. arja. 



Under this form I include all the specimens which have the discal band broader than in 

 Drury's figure of C. rt//ia/;wj, with the exception of those which in the male have three sub- 

 apical spots. Our collections show that this form occurs in KunaWur, Kulu, Kotgarh, Simla, 

 Malda, Sikkim, Shillong, Upper Tenasserim, Tavoy, Orissa, Deesa in Rajputana, Matheran 

 near Bombay, the Wynaad, South Andaman Isles, and Java. 



C. satitatha. Under this name Mr. Moore* has described another form of C. athamas 

 as follows : — " Smaller than Indian examples of C. athamas, the yellow band on both wings one- 

 third less in width, the subapical spot smaller, and the apical [one] either minute or obsolete." 

 Habitat: Moolai, 3,000 to 6,000 feet. Upper Tenasserim. Expanse: 2-37 inches. He 

 redescribes and figures both sexes in his Lep. Cey., the male having a single and the female 

 two subapical spots. Mr. Distantf writes as follows regarding it : — " I incline to the opinion 

 that this form should be considered a variety of C. athamas. Mr. Moore, in his description of 

 C- samatha, describes it as having the ' yellow band on both wings one-third less in 

 ■width ' than in ' Indian examples of C. athamas' and he afterwards figures his species in the 

 'Lepidoptera of Ceylon.' Now if we compare these figures [figure of the male only] with 

 that of Drury, who originally described and figured C. athamas, instead of finding the yellow 

 band of C samatha ' less in width ' than in Drury's species, it is, on the contrary, always 

 as broad [in the female it is much bi-oader], and at its apices on both wings absohitely broader. 

 There therefore only remains its somewhat smaller size, the frequent absence of the apical 

 spot, and the generally (in the male) smaller size of the subapical spot to differentiate it." 



If this form v/ith the band of about the same width at the inner margin of the forewing as 

 in Drury's figure of C. athamas is held to have a single subapical spot only in the male (as 

 figured by Mr. Moore), it occurs according to my specimens in Sikkim, the Wynaad, and Ceylon, 

 Mr. Moore records it also from Upper Tenasserim, and Mr. Distant from Province Wellesley. 



C. hamasta. Under this name Mr. Moore has described still another form of C. athamas 

 as follows : — " Smaller than C. athamas. Forewing differs in the medial band being broader 

 in the male, the subapical spot also broader and more regularly quadrate, its upper angle 

 being nearer the apical spot, of which latter there are two in the female, one above the 

 other. Hindwing with a more prominent submarginal series of white spots, the three lower 

 spots being conspicuously larger and lunular in shape, with contiguous greyish outer lunules." 

 Kabitat: Dhurmsala in the Western Himalayas, 6,200 feet, March and June. Expanse : 

 2-5 to 275 inches. {Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 238.) 



" The wildest butterfly that I know. Takes very long flights at a time and returns to the 

 same point. Very shy" (Hocking). 



Regarding the width of the discal band the matter is a little doubtful, as Mr. Moore (in 

 describing C. samatha) does not seem to have consulted Drury's original figure of C. athamas. 

 There remains only the size and shape of the subapical spots on the forewing and the 

 submarginal spots on the hindwing in the male, these characters being extremely variable. 



C. agrariiis. Lastly, Colonel C. Swinhoe has sent me the following description of a 

 form which he names C. agrarius :—'' KWiq^Xo G. athamas, Drury, and C. hamasta, Moore. 

 Smaller than either, nearest to the latter, b ut differs [from C. hamasta^ in having the discal 

 * Proc Zool Soc, Lond., 1S78, p. 031, t Rhop. Malay , p 106. 



