3o6 LEMONIID/E. NEME0B1IN.E. 



( = Ncmcobiintt) after the LycaniJa and before the Lihytha!i7ia:. The larvre and pupae as far as 

 known are strikingly like those of the next family Lyctvnidiz, the larva being almost onisci- 

 form, and the pupa giit across the middle by a thread as well as attached liy the tail. In 

 the perfect insect the palpi are usually exceedingly small, the neuration is very similar to that 

 obtaining in the previous subfamily and in the A^yiiipkalida ; the forelegs however show the 

 affinity of the A^etnfal>iiiicv with the Lyccaiidct, they are brush-like and imperfect in the male, 

 perfect in the female. 



Five genera are included within our limits ; they present several peculiarities, which 

 are detailed further on, though all the species agree in being small, the largest (A./ylla) being 

 under two inches and a half in expanse, most of the remainder being less than two inches. 

 All the Indian genera differ from the family NymphalJdie and the subfamily Libythceince in the 

 Subcostal nervure of the hindwing giving off its branch after the end of the cell instead of 

 before its end, except in two species in the genus Dodona. This character appears to me to be a 

 very important one, which has not hitherto been noticed or recognized. The costal nervure of 

 that wing is invariably very short also, not extending beyond the middle of the costa, whereas 

 in Lihythea and all the genera of the A^ymphaliut£ except most species of Neptis, it extends to 

 the apex of the wing. 



In America most of the species of this subfamily and of the two following (the latter 

 being wholly American) have the habit of resting with wide outspread wings on the 

 underside of leaves, like Cyrestis, Stibockiona, and many species of Hesperiidic, but some of 

 the American and all the Indian species as far as known to me in the field rest on the 

 upperside of the leaves (over which they frequently walk) with half-expanded wings ; and 

 all have an extremely rapid flight, so fast indeed as to be very difficult to follow with the eye, 

 but seldom for more than a few yards, when they settle again. Some species, Zcmeios 

 flegyas for instance, are enormously abundant in individuals where they occur. 



S07 to the ZncLian &enera of 1TEME0BII1T2. 



A. Lower disco-cellular nervule of hindwing joined to the median nervure at the point where the second 



and third median nervules are given off. 



XC. — Zemeros. 



B. Lower disco-cellular nervule of hindwing joined to the median nervure after the point where the second 



median nervule is given off. 



a. Hindwing lengthened (longer than broad), with an anal lobe and often with a fine tail in 



addition. 



XCL — Dor>ONA. 



b. Hindwing with anal angle rounded, no anal lobe. 



a'. Ground-colour of the wings pure white, with a broad outer fuscous border. 



XCIL — Stiboges. 

 i'. Ground-colour of the wings plum-colour or dark brown. 



a^. Underside marked with bluish-silvery prominent spots. 



XCIIL— Taicila. 

 b"^. Underside not nrr.rked with bluish-silvery spots. 



XCIV.— Abisara. 



The first genus of the subfamily, Zemeros, is easily distinguished, as the lower disco- 

 cellular nervule of the hindwing joins the median nervure at the point where the second 

 and third median nervules are given off ; in the other Indian genera it always meets the 

 median nervure some little distance after the point where the second median nervule is emitted. 

 In colouration the Indian species of Zemeros is dark maroon or plum-colour, with numerous 

 whitish spots spread over both surfaces. The next genus, Dodona, always possesses an anal 

 lobe to the hindwing, which distinguishes it at once from all the other genera, there is often a 

 fine tail in addition. The colouration is dark brown or fuscous, with numerous spots, often 

 arranged in bands. The genus Laxita, which has not as yet been recorded from India, 

 though three species occur in the Malay peninsula, is abundantly distinct, in that the male 

 has the inner margin of the forewing highly convex, covering a glandular patch of differently- 

 formed scales placed on a large shining patch on the upperside of the hindwing below the 

 costa, almost exactly resembling a similar character in the male of Mycalcsis r/iineus. 

 In both sexes also the disco-cellular nervules of the hindwing are quite differently placed 



