204 Plants and their Ways in South Africa 



CC. Ovary 2- or more celled; leaves oppo- 

 site, stipulate. .... Rubiace^. 

 BB. Stamens epigynous, free from the co- 

 rolla: ovary 2-10-celled ; half inferior ; 

 fruit a capsule ..... Campanulace^. 

 AA. Ovary superior. 



B. Flowers regular. 



C. Leaves alternate (also opposite and 

 whorled in Ericaceae). 

 D. Flower parts usually in fours ; rigid 

 shrubs with reduced needle- 

 shaped leaves; stamens fre- 

 quently opening by pores . Ericace^. 

 DD. Perianth 5-parted ; habit various ; 

 leaves expanded. 

 Fruit a berry or capsule, obliquely 



inclined Solanace.^. 



Fruit an achene .... Plumbaginace.^. 

 CC. Leaves opposite; alt. in Pachypodmm, 

 and in some Gentianaceae. 

 D. Pollen grains collected in masses. 

 Herbs often with milky juice ; seeds 



hairy Asclepiadace^. 



DD. Pollen grains separate. 



Shrubs with milky juice ; seeds 

 usually hairy ; fruit a berry or 

 follicles ; leaves alternate and 

 stipulate in P achy podium . Apocynace^. 



Herbs with bitter juice ; corolla 

 withering on ; fruit a berry or 

 follicles; seeds not hairy . . Gentianace^. 

 BB. Flowers zygomorphic or rarely regular ; 

 corolla 2-lipped. 

 C. Ovary 2-celled ; fruit a many-seeded 

 capsule, rarely a berry. 

 Leaves simple, seeds small, endosperm- 



ous Scrophulartace^. 



Leaves compound ; seeds flat with large 



membranous wings, except in Ki- 



gelia; ex-endospermous . . . Bignoniace^. 



CC. Ovary 4-lobed or 4-celled, separating in 



fruit ; four seeded. 



Leaves opposite ; stem square ; strong 



odour Labiate. 



Leaves alternate ; stem round; flowers 



nearly regular Boraginace^. 



