_Evpxorsia. | EUPHORBIACE. 75 
A dwarf unarmed glabrous herb. Stem reduced to a long stout under- 
ground cylindric rootstock 6-18 in. long or more. Leaves all radical, 
subsessile, fleshy, glabrous, 6-8 in. long, obovate or oblanceolate,. 
obtuse or subacute, base cuneate, margins curled, nerves not showing. 
Cymes from the crown of the rootstock and appearing after the leaves 
have fallen, dichotomously branched, very variable in length, 3-many- 
fid. ; bracts ovate, or the upper or all truncate and 3-fid. ; Involucres 
about } in. long, subsessile or on peduncles of variable length, hemis- 
pheric ; lobes spathulate, fimbriate. Capsule 4 in. in diam., pedicels 
4 in. long. Cocci compressed, styles connate to the middle. Seeds 
broadly ovoid, subacute, smooth. 
Siwalik range from Dehra Dun and Saharanpur eastwards along the 
Sub-Himalayan tracts to N. Oudh and Gorakhpur (Royle, Falconer, 
T. Thomson, Duthie and others). It flowers during the hot season, 
and the leaves develop afterwards and fall off during the rains. 
Distris.: Tropical Himalaya up to 1,500 ft. from Garhwal to Nepal 
and Bengal ; also in the Konkan and on the Deccan hills. 
2. E. antiquorum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 450; Roxb.i Fl. Ind. wu, 468; 
Brandis For. Fl. 438 ; Ind. Trees 558 ; F. B. I. v, 255 ; Watt E. D.; 
Comm. Prod. Ind. 530 ; Gamble Man. 590 ; Prain Beng. Pl. 923 ; 
Cooke Fl. Bomb. ti, 563.—Vern. Tidhara-sehnd. 
A large shrub or small tree 15-30 ft. ; trunk stout, cylindric or fluted ; 
bark thick, rough, brown ; branches many, jointed, fleshy, green, 
more or less whorled when young, prominently 3-(sometimes 4-6) 
winged, the wide fleshy wings sinuately repand-crenate, narrowed 
towards the joints and armed with pairs of persistent spines at the 
protuberances of the angles. Leaves few, soon deciduous, shortly 
petioled, 3-} in. long, obovate-oblong ; tip rounded or subtruncate, 
crenate ; nerves obscure. Jnvolucres ternate, forming short pedun- 
cled cymes in the sinuses, hemispheric, nearly 4 in. broad, yellow ; 
the two lateral oneson thick pedicels, the central one sessile and 
female ; bracteoles many, fimbriate. Glands 5, large, broader than 
long. Capsule about 4in.in diam.; cocci compressed, glabrous ; 
styles 2-fid. 
Occasionally met with in village hedges, and sometimes in gardens as 
a cultivated plant. Distrre.: Throughout the hotter parts of India 
and in Ceylon ; also in Burma and the Andaman Islands. It is largely 
used for hedges, and the wood is believed by Indian peasants to pos- 
sess the power of warding off lightning strokes. The acrid milky 
juice supplies remedies for a great variety of ailments. 
