16 EUPHORBIACEE. [EvpHoRBIA. 
3. E. Royleana, Boiss. in DC. Prod. xv, part 2,83; Brandis 
For. Fl. 438 ; Ind. Trees 558 ; F. B. I. v, 257 ; Watt E. D.; Comm. 
Prod. Ind. 531; Kanjilal For. Fl. ed 2, 343; Gamble Man. 591 ; 
Collett Fl. Siml. 446. E. pentagona, Royle Ill. 329, t. 82, fig. 1.— 
Vern. Thor (N. Ind.), thuor (Dehra-Dun), Sthund (Kumaon). 
An erect glabrous fleshy cactus-like shrub up to 16 ft. high and with a 
girth of usually 2-3 ft., or occasionally up to 5 ft. Branches with 5-7 
prominent angles and 5-7 broad flat intervening faces ; the spines in 
pairs on the protuberant portions of the undulating edges. Leaves few, 
inserted on the angles of the branches, alternate, sessile, soon falling 
off, 4-6 in. long, spathulate, rounded and shortly mucronate at the 
apex, tapering to the base ; main lateral nerves quite indistinct until 
dry. Jnvolucres hemispheric, greenish-yellow, about 4 in. across, 
arranged 3 or more together in axillary sub-sessile cymes; lobes 
cuneate, fimbriate. Styles free nearly to the base. Capsules about 
2 in. in diam., trigonous, on pedicels up to 4 in. long ; cocci compressed, 
glabrous. 
‘Siwalik range, and on exposed rocky slopes on the northern side of Dehra 
Dun. In flower and fruit during the hot season, the new leaves 
appearing during the rains. Distris.: Outer ranges of the W. 
Himalaya from Kumaon to the Jhelum ascending to 6,000 ft. ; also 
on the Salt range of the Punjab. The plant is easily propagated and 
is often used for hedges ; and the white dry wood affords abundant 
fuel. Although the milky juice of this plant contains a considerable 
amount of guttapercha, the attempts to extract it with profit have 
hitherto failed. The acrid juice is often used medicinally. 
4, E. neriifolia, Linn. Sp. Pl. 451; Royle Ill. 328 ; Cooke Fl. 
Bomb. ii, 564 ; E. Nivulia, Buch-Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv, 
286; Wight Ic. 1862; Brandis For. Fl. 439; Ind. Trees 558; FP. 
B. I. v, 255; Kanjilal For. Fl. (ed. 2), 345; Gamble Man. 590; 
Prain Beng. Pl. 923. E. nereifolia, Willd.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. wi, 
467. Rheede Hort. Mal. ii, t. 43.—Vern. Thor, senhur, 81). 
A large erect glabrous shrub or small tree up to 20 ft. or more ; trunk 
cork-like when old. Branches fleshy, cylindric, not ribbed, subver- 
ticelled, with pairs of sharp persistent spines arising from low conical 
truncate distant spirally arranged tubercles. Leaves alternate, fleshy, 
clustered towards the ends of the branches, sessile or nearly so, 4-8 
in. long, obovate or obovate-oblong or linear, rounded at the apex 
and often mucronate, tapering towards the base, deciduous ; midrib 
prominent beneath, lateral nerves obscure. Jnvolucres ternate, form- 
