EvpHorsia. | EUPHORBIACE. 17 
ing small shortly peduneled solitary or twin 3-flowered cymes from 
above the leaf-scars on the tubercles, the central flower of each cyme 
usually male, sessile, and the first to appear, the 2 lateral ones male or 
2-sexual and pedicelled ; lobes of involucres large, erect, ovate, fim- 
briate ; glands transversely oblong ; bracteoles numerous, fimbriate. 
Capsule } in. broad ; styles connate to the middle, undivided. Seeds 
smooth. 
Dry rocky hills of Merwara and in the Ajmere country (possibly wild), 
It is used for hedges in Dehra Dun and probably elsewhere in the 
Upper Gangetic Plain. The plant flowers and ripens seed during the 
hot season, and the new leaves appear during the rains. Dusrrrs. : 
Outer ranges of N. W. Himalaya on dry exposed rocks ; also in Bengal, 
Sind and Gujarat, extending to 8. India and Burma ; cultivated else- 
where. 
5. E. ligularia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 56; Fl. Ind. ii, 465; Royle 
Ill. 328; Cooke Fl. Bomb. ii, 563. E. neriitolia, Dalz. and 
Gibs. (not of Linn.) ; F. B. I. v, 255 ; Watt BE. D.; Comm. Prod.. 
Ind. 530 ; Gamble Man. 590; Prain Beng. Pl. 923; Brandis For. 
Fl. 439; Ind. Trees 558.—Vern. Sehund, mansa-sij. 
An erect fleshy glabrous shrub or small tree up to 20 ft. high. Branches 
scattered, ascending, the younger ones 5-sided and angled and with 
short sharp black persistent spines arising from thick tubercles which 
are arranged in 5 irregular rows. Leaves alternate, fleshy, from near 
the ends of the branches, 6-12 in. long, obovate-oblong or subspathu- 
lately obovate, acute, deciduous, base narrowed into a short petiole, 
margins undulate. Jnvolucres hemispheric, yellowish, smooth, 
arranged in small stout dichotomous shortly peduncled 3-15-flowered 
cymes ; the lateral ones of the cymes with short thick pedicels, the 
central sessile and usually male ; lobes large, erect, roundish, fim- 
briate, glands transversely oblong ; bracteoles very many, fimbriate. 
Styles connate above the middle, stigmas capitate. Capsules deeply 
3-lobed, about 3 in. broad. Cocei compressed, glabrous. 
On waste land near villages, but not truly wild within the area of this 
flora. ‘he leaves drop off in the autumn, the new ones appearing 
again in May after the plant has flowered. Disrris.: Rocky places 
in Orissa, the Deccan, 8. India, Ceylon, also in Baluchistan and in 
the Malay Islands, elsewhere cultivated and often used for fences. 
The milky juice of this plant is used medicinally, and the root mixed 
with pepper is regarded as an antidote for snake bites. The plant is 
sacred to Mansa, the goddess of serpents. 
