116 EUPHORBIACE. [ Saprum 
poisonous, is sometimes used externally in medicine. The tree is 
_ frequently killed by frost at the higher elevations. 
SAPIUM SEBIFERUM, Roxb.; Fl. Ind. iii, 693; F. B. I. v, 470; 
Watt. E. D.; Comm. Prod. Ind. 979 ; Kanjilal For. Fl. (ed. 2), 355 ; 
Gamble Man. 624 ; Prain Beng. Pl. 954; Brandis Ind. Trees 584 ; 
Cooke Fl. Bomb. ii, 623. Exccecaria sebifera, Mudl.-Arg.; Brandis 
For. Fl. 441. Stillingia sebifera, Michxz.; Royle Ill. 328.—Vern. 
Tar-charbi (Dehra Dun), pahdri shisham (Saharanpur). (Chinese 
Tallow-tree). A small quick-growing deciduous tree, somewhat 
resembling in its foliage the shisham-tree (Dalbergia Sissoo). It is 
cultivated in many parts of the Upper Gangetic Plain, and has 
become quite naturalized, especially in Dehra Dun. It flowers 
June—Aug., and the seeds ripen Oct.—Dec. The tree is indigen- 
ous in China and Japan, where the white tallow-looking wax sur- 
rounding the seeds is used for burning. The leaves before falling 
become beautifully coloured with orange and scarlet. 
The following plants belonging to genera not mentioned above should 
be briefiy noticed :— 
PEDILANTHUS TITHYMALOIDES, Poit.—A shrub with fleshy branches, 
allied to Euphorbia, from which it chiefly differs in its conspicuous 
scarlet slipper-shaped involucre. It was introduced into India from 
_ the West Indies, ana is grown in hedges in many parts of the country. 
Royle (Il. 328) mentions it asa possible substitute for rpecacuanh 
(Psychotria Ipecacuanha), which is a native of Brazil. 
JaTROPHA CuRCAS, Linn.; Royle Ill. 328 ; Brandis For, Fl. 442 - 
Ind. Trees 576; F. B. I. v. 883; Watt E. D.; Kanjilal For. FI; 
(ed. 2), 352 ; Gamble Man. 613; Prain Beng. Pl. 941 ; Cooke Fi. 
Bomb. ii, 578.—Vern. Safed arand. (Physic-nut). A soft-wooded 
evergreen shrub or small tree introduced from Trop. America. 
It is often found in a semi-wild condition in the vicinity of villages 
or is planted in hedges. The oil extracted from the seeds is 
much used for burning, as well as medicinally. Other exotic 
species of Jatropha, including J. gossypifolia, multifida and poda- 
grica, are more or less cultivated in Indian gardens for ornamental 
purposes. 
ALEURITES MoLUCcCcANA, Willd.; Royle Ill. 327 ; F. B. I. v, 384 ; 
Watt. E. D.; Gamble Man. 613 ; Prain Beng. Pl. 942 ; Cooke Fl. 
Bomb. ii, 626. A. triloba, Forst.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. tii, 629. Bel- 
gaum Walnut. 
