 Borsmerra.j URTICACEX. 129 
The wood of this tree is much used by the villagers of Garhwal and 
Kumaon in the manufacture of many of their household articles, 
such as cups, boxes, combs, etc., also the vessels which they employ 
for holding milk. The tree is highly recommended for planting on 
dry bare slopes, and should be protected where found growing natur- 
ally in such situations. 
2. B. macrophylla, Don. / rod. 60; Brandis For. Fl. 403; 
Ind. Trees 617 ; F. B. I. V, 577; Watt E. D. ; Kanjilal For. Fl. 
(ed. 2), 389 ; « amble Man. 658.—Vern. Bara siaru (Dehra Dun). 
A short or small tree ; bark greyish-brown, rough with small lenticels ; 
branchlets stout, obtusely 4-angled, usually strigose. Leaves oppo- 
site, 6-12 in. long, lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, obtusely serrate, 
upper surface sparsely hispid, rugulose and pustular, softly or hispidly 
pubescent or glabrate beneath ; petiole $-1 in. long ; stipules lanceo- 
late, midrib hairy. Spikes elongate, pendulous, leafless, simple 
or branched below. Clusters globose, }-} in. in diam. ; bracts lanceo- 
late. Fruit obovate, cuneate, compressed, ciliate, with a 2-4-toothed 
neck, 
Ravines on Nagsidh Hill in Dehra Dun (Kanjilal), and in river-beds 
eastwards along the Sub-Himalayan tract. Flowers Aug.-Sep. 
Distris. : Sub-tropical Himalaya from the Jumna to Mishmi, up 
to 4,000 ft., and from the Khasia Hills south to Chota Nagpur; also 
in Upper Burma and extending to China. The bark yields an excel- 
lent fibre of which fishing nets and lines are made, 
3. B. platyphylla, Don Prod. 60; Brandis For. Fl. 403; Ind. 
Trees 617 ; F. B. I. V, 578 ; Watt E. D. ; Kanjilal For. Fl. (ed. 2) 
381; Gamble Man. 658 ; Collett Fl. Siml. 466.—Vern. Sidr (Dehra 
Dun). 
A large shrub up to 12 ft. high, with dark-brown and rather rough 
branches. Leaves mostly opposite, 4-9 in. long, broadly ovate, 
cordate elliptic or suborbicular, acuminate or caudate, coarsely 
toothed, more or less rugose, sparsely hispid-pubescent or glabrate 
on both surfaces ; base 3-nerved; petiole 1-5 in. Flowers diccious 
or moneecious. Male spikes often branching, generally not exceeding 
the leaves. Fem. spikes simple, far-exceeding the terminal leaves, 
becoming brown when achenes are ripe. 
Shady ravines and banks of streams in Dehra Dun (Kanjilal), also 
in the Sub-Himalayan tracts eastwards. Flowers April-Aug. Widely 
distributed in India, and very variable, especially on the outer ranges 
of the Himalaya up to 5,000 ft. The bark yields a strong white 
fibre, and the foliage affords a good fodder for cattle. 
K 
