160 sURTICACEA. | [Ficvs. 
Dehra Dun and Siwalik range and eastwards along the Sub-Himalayan 
_. tract. The receptacles ripen April to June. Distrris.: . Outer 
Himalayan ranges from the Indus to Bhutan, up to 5,000 ft., rarer 
towards the west, also Assam, Khasia Hills, Chittagong, Chota Nagpur 
and Orissa, extending to Burma, China and Japan. The bark yields 
a coarse fibre, and the foliage is regarded as a good fodder for ele- 
phants and camels. The fruit is much eaten either raw or cooked 
in curries. For information regarding the development and fertili- 
zation of the flowers see D. D. Cunningham in Appendix to Vol. I of 
Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 
18. F. glomerata, Roxb. Cor. Pl. ii, 13, t. 123; Fl. Ind. i, 
558 ; Royle Ill. 337 ; Brandis For. Fl. 422, t. 49 ; Ind. Trees 609 ; 
King Sp. Ficus 173, t. 218A ; F. B. J. v, 555 ; Watt EB. D.; Comm. 
Prod. Ind. 538 ; Kanjilal For. Fl. (ed. 2), 378 ; Gamble Man. 650 > 
Prain Beng. Pl. 983 ; Cooke Fl..Bomb. vi, 654. F. Goolerea, Roxb. 
Fl. Ind. tii, 538.—Vern. Gular (Hind.), umri (Merwara). 
A tree, up to 60 ft. high; bark smooth, reddish-brown; young shoots 
glabrous pubescent or scaberulous. Leaves membranous, 4-7 in. long, 
ovate-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, subacute, entire, glabrous or 
upper surfaces when mature, usually somewhat pubescent beneath ; 
base rounded or acute, 3-nerved; main lateral nerves 4-6 pairs ; 
petioles 3-14 in., glabrous ; stipules 3-1 in. long; ovate-lanceolate,. 
scarious, pubescent. Receptacles in clusters on short thick scaly leafless 
panicled branchlets from the trunk and larger branches, rarely with a 
few axillary ores, subglobose pyriform or turbinate, smooth or 
downy, 1-2 in. across, reddish or orange-coloured when ripe ; umbilicus 
depressed; base much contracted and with 3. ovate- triangular 
bracts. The male, female and gall flowers are all found together in 
the same receptacle. MALE FLOWERS near the mouth of the receptacle, 
sessile. Sepals 3-4, membranous, inflated, enveloping the 2 anthers. 
Filaments connate. GALL FLOWERS stalked. Perianth gamophyllous, 
irregularly toothed. Style lateral, elongate, stigma clavate. FERTILE 
FLOWERS nearly sessile, forming a layer near the walls of the 
receptacle. Perianth gamophyllous, with 4 or 5 long lanceolate teeth, 
enveloping the small tuberculate achene. Style subterminal, stigma 
clavate. 
A common tree within the area and also largely planted in villages. 
It is leafless during the rainy season (about Aug.), and the figs ripen 
between April and July. Disrris.: Throughout the greater part 
of India from the Outer Himalayan ranges and south to S. India 
and Ceylon, its western limit being Rajputana and the Salt Range of 
