162 URTICACEE. __[ Brovussonerta. 
BROUSSONETIA PAPYRIFERA, Vent. ; Royle Ill. 340; Brandis For. Fl. 
410 ; Ind. Trees 613; F. B. I. v, 490 ; Kanjilal For. Fl. (ed. 2) 366 ; 
- Gamble Man. 633 ; Prain Beng. Pl. 967 ; Watt in Comm. Prod. Ind.— 
_ Paper Mulberry.—A small tree belonging to the mulberry tribe. 
Branchlets tomentose. Leaves membranous, 3-nerved, 3-8 in. long, 
obliquely ovate or oblong, acuminate, lobed (when young) and 
dentate, scabrid above, pubescent beneath; petioles 2-3 in. long. 
Flowers dicecious. MALE spikes 2-3 in. long, cylindrical, stalked 
pubescent. Frm. flowers in compact long-stalked heads. Frwit’ 
fleshy, red shining.—Wild on the hills of Upper Burma and in Mar- 
taban ; extending to Siam, China, Japan and the Pacific Islands. 
The stems yield a fine fibre which is used for making paper in Japan, 
and in the South Sea Islands the natives prepare from it a cloth 
called tapa or kapa. Experiments undertaken within the area of 
this flora, both in Dehra Dun and at Saharanpur, clearly show that 
' the climate of N. India is quite suitable for its cultivation. It has 
been suggested that it might possibly pay to grow this tree on a 
large scale in N. India if a paper factory were situated near enough, 
and if a corstant supply of the fibre material of this and other fibre- 
yielding plants suitable for making paper were available. 
CI. CASUARINACEZE. 
CasuarRiInAa, Forst. A single genus, containing 23 species, 
mostly Australian and a few in New Caledonia, one only extending 
to India. Several other species are in cultivation in India, 
especially on the Nilgiri Hills. 
_. C. naquisetiFoLia, Forst.; F. B. I. v, 598; Brandis For. FI. 
435 ; Ind. Trees 620 ; Gamble Man. 665; Prain Beng. Pl. 985 ; 
Cooke Fl. Bomb. ti, 660. C. muricata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. wii, 519 ; 
Royle Ill. 346.-—A tall handsome straight-stemmed dicecious leafless 
tree. Branches terminating in long slender drooping deciduous 6-8 
jointed branchlets, which perform the functions of leaves. The ribs 
of each joint terminate upwards in the teeth or scales * of a mem- 
branous sheath alternating with the ribs of the next joint above. 
Male flowers monandrous, in terminal cylindric spikes, and the 
females are arranged in small cone-like clusters which become woody 
* Similar to the scale-leayes of Eguisetum. 
