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Quercus. ] ; CUPULIFER. 165 
Q. serrata, Thunb. A handsome deciduous oak of the Central and 
E. Himalaya. It has been planted in Dehra Dun where it thrives. 
The wood closely resembles that of the English oak, and is much 
valued. This tree is found also in China and Japan. 
CASTANEA VULGARIS, Lamk. ; Brandis For. Fl. 491; Ind. Trees 635 ; 
DC. L’Orig. Pl. Cult. 283; Gamble Man. 667. C. vesca, Gertn. 
C. sativa, Mill_—Sweet chestnut. Many attempts have been made to 
introduce this tree for cultivation on the outer ranges of the Hima- 
laya. Gamble remarks that the most successful results have been 
obtained at comparatively low elevations (3-5,000 ft.) with a northern — 
aspect, and where the rainfall is not excessive. Also a good sandy 
soil rather than a clayey one appears to suit the trees best. The 
plantations which were started many years ago in Dehra Dun have 
been fairly successful, but the nuts are smaller than those yielded by 
the European tree and are inferior in quality. It resembles more 
nearly the fruit of the tree as grown in Japan and N. America. 
CIII. SALICACEA. 
Trees or shrubs. Leaves deciduous, alternate, 3-5-nerved at the 
base, stipulate. Flowers in catkins, one within each bract, diceci- 
ous, rarely moncecious or androgynous, bracteoles none. Perianth 
none. Disk of one or more scales or glands, or cupular. MALE. 
flowers: Stamens 2 or more, filaments free or connate; anthers 
ovate-oblong, bursting longitudinally. Frm. flowers: Ovary sessile 
_or stipitate, 1-celled, style short or none ; stigmas short, notched or 
lobed ; ovules few or many, on 2-4 subbasal or parietal placentas, 
erect, anatropous. fruit, an ovoid or lanceolate 2-4-valved capsule. 
Seeds few or many, funicle with a pencil of long silky deciduous 
hairs, albumen none, cotyledons plano-convex ; radicle short, in- 
ferior.—Species about 180, chiefly in N. temperate regions. 
SALIX, Linn. ; Fl. Brit. Ind. v, 626. 
Trees or shrubs, sometimes small and prostrate. Leaves usu- 
ally narrow or small, entire or serrulate, penni nerved; stipules 
various. Flowers small, dicecious, sessile, in erect, usually dense 
catkins ; bracts small, entire or rarely toothed. /erianth none. 
Disk of 2 scales, anterior or posterior, or of one posterior scale, 
