282 | JUNCACEZ. --[ Juncus. 
erect ; testa membranous, often produced at each end, albumen 
dense ; embryo small, near the hilum.—Species about 200, cosmo- 
politan, but chiefly in damp cold regions. 
JUNCUS, Linn. ; Fl. Brit. Ind. vi, 392. 
Perennial, rarely annual, glabrous herbs. Stems simple under 
the inflorescence. Leaves radical or few near the base of the stem, 
linear or terete or reduced to sheaths. Flowers small, usually 
clustered in fascicles or 2-fid. cymules, either sessile or capitate or 
unequally peduncled and paniculate, the whole inflorescence ter- 
minal or sub-terminal on the scape-like stems, with 1 3 leafy bracts. 
Perianth with 6 free lanceolate or oblong glume-like segments, 
often with scarious edges, the 3 outer keeled or with a thickened 
midrib. Stamens 6, rarely 3, hypogynous or nearly so, anthers 
oblong or linear, erect, with longitudinal introrse dehiscence. Ovary 
free, 3 or ]-celled, style filiform ; stigmatic arms 3, often spirally 
twisted. Fruita capsule, dehiscing by 3 valves with mesial placent- 
as, rarely by 3 valves leaving the placentas persistent or connate in 
acentral column. Seeds small, ovoid ; testa striate reticulate or 
transversely lineate ; embryo small, near the base of the fleshy 
albumen.—Species about 160, in temp. or arctic regions, rarely 
tropical. 
-Annual, leaves not septate; stems much 
branched ; cymes scattered, few-flowered ; 
lateral flowers 6-androus, teminal 3-androus 1, J. bufonius. 
Perennial, leaves indistinctly and distantly 
septate ; cymes terminal; flowers densely 
clustered in small heads, flowers all 3- 
androus . ; : 7 : ‘: . 2. J. prismatocarpus. 
1, J. bufonius, Linn. Sp. Pil. 328; Royle Jil. 401; F. B. I 
4, 392 ; Collett Fl. Siml. 535 ; Prain Beng. Pl. 1088. 
A small pale-green tufted annual, up to 12 in. high. Stems erect or 
ascending, slender, much dichotomously branched from the base. 
Leaves few, chiefly radical, not septate, channelled above. Cymes 
many, scattered on the stem; bracts scarious. Flowers solitary 
or clustered, 4-} in. long; the lateral ones open, 6-androus, terminal 
closed, 3-androus. Sepals and petals unequal. lanceolate, acuminate, 
the margine broadly membranous. Stamens half as long as the 
