TyYPHA. | TYPHACEA. 293 
1, T. elephantina, Roxb. ; Fl. Ind. iii, 566; F. B. I. vi, 489; 
Watt, E. D.see vol. 6. pt. 4. p. 207; Prain Beng. Pl. 1102; Cooke 
Fl. Bomb. ii, 816 ; Kanjilal For, Fl. (ed. 2), 413. TT. latifolia, 
Edgew, in Proc, Linn. Soc, vi (1862), 194.—Vern, Pater.—Elephant 
grass, 
A tall bulrush, 8-12 ft. high. Leaves 1-14 in. broad 3-gonous above 
the sheath ; margins often undulate above the middle. Male spike 
10-12 in. long; rhachis clothed with short often forked hairs. 
Flowers bracteolate ; bracts 3 or more. Anthers 1-5, 4; in. long ; 
pollen 4-globate. Fem. spike much stouter than that of the male, 
6-10 in. long by }-1 in. diam. ; the flowers mixed with clavate pistil- 
lodes; bracteoles with fasciate tips, much longer than the hairs 
which are shorter than the lanceolate stigmas. 
Dehra Dun, and Patri forest in swamps (Kanjilal); Moradabad (T. 
T.); Bijnor (Stewart); Merwara (Lowrie). Distrrre.: Marshes 
in N. W. India and eastwards to Assam, Bengal and Burma, extend- 
ing beyond India to N. Africa. The leaves are often used within 
the area of this flora for making mats and screens. 
2. T. angustata, Chaub. & Bory.; F. B. I. vi, 489; Watt E. 
D. vol, VI, Pt. 4, 207 ; Prain Beng. Pl. 1102 ; Cooke Flor. Bomb, ii, 
815, T. angustifolia, Sibth. and Sm. (not of Linn.) Roxb, Fi. 
Ind, iii, 567.—Vern. Pater. 
A tall bulrush. Stems 5-10 ft. high. Leaves usually exceeding the 
flowering stems, #-1 in. broad, semi-cylindric above the sheath. 
Spikes cylindric, the male and female spikes often separated by a 
long interval. (See Aitchison in Trans. Linn. Soc. (N. 8.) iii, 20 
regarding the sometimes dicscious condition of this species). Fem. 
spikes pale-brown, }4-% in. in diam.; the male flowers mixed with 
clavate-tipped pistillodes; bracteoles subspathulate, equalling the 
linear stigmas, both longer than the hairs. Pollen simple. 
‘More or less distributed through Northern India from Kashmir to 
Manipur and southwards to Sind and the Bombay Pres. and also 
in Bengal and Coromandel. According to Roxburgh this species is 
found in similar ground as the former, and flowers at the same time, 
but it is a smaller plant and much less plentiful. It closely resembles 
the common European 7’, angustifolia Linn., but. differs by the 
bracteoles equalling the stigmas. In Sind the pollen is said to be 
~ collected from the flowers and made into cakes and eaten by all 
classes of natives. 
