294 TYPHACEA. [SPARGANIUM. 
2. SPARGANIUM, Linn.; Fl. Brit. Ind. vi, 489. 
Flowers in globose unisexual heads, subtended by leafy bracts. 
Perianth of 3-6 membranous scales. Stamens 2-3, connective 
hardly produced at the tip. Ovary 1- rarely 2-celled; style very 
short, persistent; stigma unilateral; cells 1l-seeded. Drupes 
obovoid, spongy; endocarp tip perforated. Seed adherent to 
the endocarp.—Species about 6. 
S. ramosum, Huds. Fl. Angl: 401; F. B. I. vi, 490. 8S. carina- 
tum, Buch.-Ham,. ex Royle Ill, 408.—Bur-weed. 
Stems erect, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves linear, triquetrous at the base, 2-5 ft. 
long, 1 in. broad or less. Heads sessile on the branches of a panicle ; 
male heads olive-brown 3-3? in. in diam., deciduous; fem. heads 
1 in. in diam., in fruit; scales linear, tips spathulate. Drupes 
sessile, shortly beaked, } in. long, angled ; stigma linear. 
N. Oudh, in the Bahraich district (Duthie). Distrr.: Punjab (T. 
Thomson), and in Kashmir up to 5, 200 ft. also in Afghanistan 
(Griff). and in Tibet (Watton); also in Burma and in N. Temp. 
regions. 
CXVITI.—AROIDEZ:. 
Herbs with watery acrid or milky juice, usually glabrous, rarely 
armed, stemless or with a short stock or corn or tuber; or shrubs 
with sympodial branches climbing by erial roots. Leaves of 
shrubby species alternate, distichous, or spiral; of herbaceous 
species few, clustered or solitary, radical, sometimes appearing 
without or after the flowers; petiole with a sheathing base; 
lamina entire or lobed or pinnate or perforate, often with cata- 
phyllaries at the base of the leaf-sheaths, Flowers 1- or 2-sexual, 
sessile on a spadix which is more or less completely enclosed in 
a green or coloured spathe; when l-sexual usually monccious 
with the males towards the apex of the spadix, often with neuters 
between them as well as above the males. Perianth none or of 
scales, rarely cupular or urceolate. Stamens in the 2-sexual flowers 
4-8, in the males 1 or more, distinct or confluent; anthers 2-4- 
celled, free or (in confluent stamers) connate by means of the 
~ Ae 
