300 AROIDEA. [ PLESMONIUM. 
anatropous. Fruit of subglobose or obovoid berries in clusters. 
Seeds exalbuminous, embryo macropodous.—Species 30-40, in the 
tropics of the old World. 
A. campanulatus, Blume; F. B. I. vi, 513; Watt. E. D, ; Duthie 
and Fuller in Field and Garden Crops iti, 6 t. 69 ; Prain in Beng. 
Pl. 1109 ; Cooke Fl. Bomb. vi, 825. Arum campanulatum, Rozb. 
Fl. Ind. wii, 509.—Vern. Ol (of native cultivators), Zamingand ; 
Naghphanni-qand (Punjab). 
Tuber depressed-globose, much warted, 8-10 in. in diam. dark brown. 
Leaves appearing long after the flowers, 1-3 ft. broad; segment 
spreading, simple or forked; petioles 2-3 ft. long, stout, warted, 
dark-green with paler blotches; leaflets 2-5 in. long, obovate or 
oblong, acute, veins prominent. Peduncle stout, elongating in fruit 
sheaths linear-oblong. Spathe 6-10 in. broad, pointed, strongly and 
closely veined; margins recurved, undulate and crisped, greenish- 
pink externally and with pale blotches; base within purple. Spadix 
about as long as the spathe; appendage, variable in shape and in 
length up to 8 in., dark reddish purple. Male inflor. Sub-turbinate, 
about 3 in. long; anthers densely crowded. Fem. inflor. 3 in. long 
or more. Ovaries sessile, densely crowded, depressed-globose ; style 
% in. long, stout, purple; stigma large, 2-3-lobed. Berries obovoid 
red, 2-3-seeded. 
Largely cultivated within the Upper Gangetic Plain and often occur- 
ring as wild. It flowers early in the rainy season. DrsrTrrs.: Plains 
of the Punjab and Bengal, both wild and cultivated; also in the 
Bombay Pres. and southwards to Ceylon. The tuberous roots of 
this plant are much esteemed by the natives of India for their nutri- 
tious and wholesome properties. The small tuberosities which are 
found on the larger tubers are what they employ for sets, and are 
planted in the same manner as potatos are in England. (See Rox- 
burgh in FI. Ind. iii, 510). 
6. PLESMONIUM, Schott; FI. Brit. Ind. vi, 518. 
Tuberous herbs. Leaves solitary, appearing long after the 
flowers, 3-partite, segments pinnatisect. Flowers moncecious. 
Spathe with an open funnel-shaped limb. Spadix included, 
appendage very small or none. Inflorescence cylindric, rather 
lax-flowered ; males and females distant, with large obovoid 
pearl-like or turbinate neuters interposed, and with small slender 
