102 NAT. ORDER. ROSACEJE. 



By budding. This mode of propagating roses is adopted only 

 with the rarer kinds, and such as are difficult to propagate by layers ; 

 for it is found that plants so originated, even though on stocks of the 

 hardier sorts, are less durable than such as are raised by any of the 

 other modes. But the chief use of budding in the culture of the 

 Rose, is to produce standard-roses, or to produce several sorts from 

 the same tree or bush. Standard-roses are a modern invention, it is 

 generally supposed, of the Dutch, first carried to Paris, and • about 

 thirty years ago to England. They are highly artificial objects of 

 great beauty, and form magnificent ornaments to borders. The 

 stocks are either Rosa vlllosa, the Tree Rose, or of any sorts of wild 

 roses, which grow to a large size. They are budded at different 

 heights, from three to seven feet, but usually between five and six 

 from the ground. The stocks are procured from woods and copses : 

 and, after being planted in nursery lines, are often budded the same 

 summer ; sometimes in summer by the scallop mode of budding, and 

 never later than the succeeding spring or summer by the common 

 mode. Generally two buds are inserted on opposite sit'es of the 

 stock, but often three, four, or a dozen, in alternate positions on the 

 upper six or twelve inches of the stem. Every stock is supported 

 by a rod, which should reach a foot or eighteen inches higher tlian 

 the situation of the bud : to this rod the stock is tied, and afterwards 

 the slioots from the buds, which are otherwise liable to be blown 

 out by high winds. The nurserymen of France, being supplied 

 with stronger stocks than can be procured in this country, and having 

 a better climate, and more experience in the culture of roses, excel 

 us in this department of rose propagation, and their standards afford 

 an article of commerce with other countries. Their common plants, 

 raised by layers, are also in extensive demand, but in these we equal 

 if not surpass them. 



Final situation. No species of Rose, wii J or cultivate 1, thrives 

 well in or near large towns, on account of the smoke or confined air. 

 The Yellow and Austrian Roses, Rosa lutea and Rosa bicolor, are 



