PISTILS. ; 29 
— EE 
Ss 
Ti 
FIG. 4.— No. 1, Lily (Lilium Japonicum) ; 2, pink (Dianthus); 3, a stamen; 4, a pistil. 
54. The FLORAL ENVELOPES, OF PERIANTH, consist of one or 
more circles or whorls of leaves, surrounding the stamens. The 
outer of these whorls is called the calyz, and the other, if there 
be any, the corolla. 'The calyx may, therefore, exist without the 
corolla, but the corolla cannot exist without the calyx. If nei- 
ther of them exist, the flower is said to be naked, or achlamyde- 
ous («, privative, and ziauvs, a cloak). 
55. The catyx (advg, a cup), therefore, is the external en- 
velope, the cup, of the flower, consisting of a whorl of leaves, 
with their edges distinct or united, usually green, but sometimes 
highly colored. The calyx-leaves are called sEpats. 
56. The coroiza (Lat. corolla, diminutive of corona, crown) 
is the interior envelope of the flower, consisting of one or more 
circles of leaves, either distinct, or united by their edges, usually 
of some other color than green, and of a more delicate structure 
than the calyx. Its leaves are called Ppretrats 
57. The stamens are those thread-like organs, situated just 
within the perianth and around the pistils. Their number 
varies from one to a hundred, but the most common number 
is five. Their office is, the fertilization of the seed. They 
are collectively called the andrecium (avdges,* stamens, ovxos, a 
house). 
* The plural of 4v#2, a man, a term applied to the stamen, by Linnzus, in accordance 
with his favorite theory of the sexes of plants. The term 7”, woman, is, on the same 
grounds, applied to the pistil. 
