34 THE FLOWER. 
CHAPTER V. 
THE FLOWER. 
§2. OF THE STAMENS, AND THE ARTIFICIAL CLASSES. 
64. Tue stamens and pistils are situated within the floral 
envelopes, and since one or both are always present, in every 
species, at least, of the Pheznogamous plants, they were seized 
upon by Linneus* as the basis of his beautiful arrangement, 
called the Artificial System. 
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FIG. 7.— Forms of stamens, anthers, pollen, &c. 1. Stamens and pistil of a flower (Rho- 
dodendron Lapponicum), in their natural position ; a, stigma, }, anthers, c, style, d, filaments, 
e, ovary, f, calyx and receptacle ; 2, stamen of ginger; 3, sage; 4, Berberis; 5, Vaccinium 
amcenum, with the terminal pores; 6, cucumber, with the sinuous lobes of the anther ; 
7, Polygonum ; 8, Lemna, anther bursting vertically ; 9, lily; 10 Magnolia; 17, a four-celled 
anther; 18, anther of Alchemilla, bursting transversely. Nos. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, various 
(magnified) forms of pollen-grains. 
* Carl Von Linné, or Linnzus, the most eminent of naturalists, was the son of a clergy- 
man, born in 1707, at Rheshult, in the province of Smaland, Sweden. In his 24th year, 
while a member of the University of Upsal, he conceived the idea of that system of plants 
which bears his name. In 1741 he became professor of medicine in the same University, 
and in 1761, on account of his great literary attainments, was elevated to the rank of nobility. 
He died in 1778. To him the natural sciences are under incalculable obligations, all of 
which he classified and arranged anew. But the science of botany, especially, is indebted 
to him for those discoveries and classifications, which have, more than any others, contri- 
buted to its general diffusion. In his ‘immortal work,’ Species Plantarwm, he enriched the 
language of botany by anew nomenclature of species, and many new terms in the tech- 
nology of plants, for their more accurate description. 
