46 THE FLOWER. 
sometimes distinct, but generally cohere by their edges; to a 
greater or less extent, forming a cup as in the rose, or a tube as 
in the pink. The calyx is then said to be monosepalous, a term 
which must never be hterally applied, since no true calyx can 
consist of merely a single sepal; when the sepals are not united 
in any degree, the calyx is said to be polysepalous. ; 
97. If the calyx is free, that 
is, distinct from the ovary, as 
in the pink, it is said to be in- 
JSerior, while the ovary is supe- 
rior; but if the calyx be adhe- 
rent to the sides of the ovary, 
so as to appear to grow out of 
its summit, as in the rose, it is 
said to be superior. (Fig. 13; 
FIG. 13. —3, Ovary, with adherent (superior), i 3.) 
persistent calyx; 1, vertical section of the same, . 
showing the epigynous (Gr. upon the pistil)sta- 98. In respect to duration, 
mens ; 2, calyx free (inferior), stamens hypogy- it is caducous when it falls off 
nous (Gr. under the pistil); 4, stamens on the - 
calyx, that is, perigynous (Gr. around the pistil); AS Soon as the flower is ex- 
5, siamene onthe coral (perizznos) 6,48; panded, Ex. poppy; deciduous, 
anther. when it falls off as the flower 
decays, Ex. water lily; and perszstent, when it remains upon 
the germ after the corolla has fallen; Ex. rose, apple. 
99. The calyx is sometimes reduced to a mere rim, and some- 
times, when there is no corolla, the calyx is entirely wanting 
a. Again, the calyx is reduced to a whorl of mere hair-like 
processes, called pappus, or down. This kind of calyx is pecu- 
liar to the Composite, as the Asters, sunflower, &c., where the 
flowers are collected in heads so compact that the calyx has no 
room to develop itself in the usual manner. If the pappus con- 
sists of simple hairs, it is said to be pilose; if the hairs are 
feathery, plumose; if they are stiff, like bristles, setose ; if dilated, 
so as to become chaffy, paleaceous. 
. §6. OF THE COROLLA. 4 
100. Corolla is a Latin diminutive, signifying a chaplet or — 
