ANALYSIS OF SUBJECTS. 9 
§7. OF THE NECTARY AND DISK.— 49. 
107, Definition,— a, Nectary —labellum—spur, —4, Disk — hypogynous — epi- 
gynous, —c, true character. é 
e §8. OF STIVATION. —50. 
108, Definition — vernation, — «a, illustration. 1, Estivation valvate,—2, Convo- 
lute, —3, Quincuncial, — 4, Contorted, — 5, Alternate, —6, Vexillary, —7, Indupli- 
cate, —8, Supervolute. 
CHAPTER VI.—THE FRUIT.—51. 
109, Its importance — design, —a, utility, — 4, in respect to time—defined. 110, 
Angipeous to ovary — changes, — a, examples. 
§1. OF THE PERICARP. —52. 
111, Fruit consists of, —a, naked seeds. 112, Pericarp defined —epicarp— sar- 
cocarp, — @, illustration. 113, Physiology of growth, —114, of ripening, —a, acidi- 
fication, —4, maturity. 115, Dehiscence —indehiscent — valves,— 1, Dehiscence 
loculicidal, —2, Septicidal, — 3, Septifragal,— 4, Sutural,— 5, Circumscissile. 116, 
Forms of pericarp.— 1, Capsule, — a, cells — columella. —2, Silique.—3, Silicle. — 
4, Legume. —5, Follicle. —6, Drupe.—7, Nut.—8, Caryopsis.—9, Achenium. — 
‘10, Samara. — 11, Pyxis. —12, Pome. —13, Pepo. — 14, Berry —strawberry — black- 
berry. —15, Strobile. 
CHAPTER IX.— THE FRUIT. —57. 
§2. OF THE SEED. 
117, The seed defined, —a, its parts, 118, integuments— testa — mesosperm — 
endopleura, —a, Testa, its substance — surface — form — appendages, — 4, Coma 
distinguished. 119, Aril- 120, Hilum. 121, Seed orthotropous — anatropous. 122, 
Albumen— where most abundant — where iene 23, Embryo— 12, its 
arts, —a, radicle, — 4, plumule —its direction. 125, Ss —a, the number, 
c. 126, Monocotyledons—endogens. 127, Dicotyledons—exogens distin 
guished. 128, Cotyledons many —none. -129, Embryos, number oft— Spores 
§3. OF GERMINATION. —60. e 
130, The embryo, its importance, — a, germination defined, — 131, the process ex - 
plained. 132, The cotyledons. 133, Conditions of germination,—a, heat— 64, 
water—c, oxygen—d, darkness. 134, Duration of the vitality of seeds. Vote, 
Two examples of. 
§4. OF DISSEMINATION. —61. 
135, Remark —examples, Erigeron— a, Wings, hooks—4, Impatiens — Streams 
and oceans — Squirrels, birds. 
CHAPTER X.— THE ROOT.— 62. 
136, Its definition — origin, —a, divisions. 137, Prone direction, —a, horizontal 
direction. 138, Number and extent. 139, How distinguished from stems. 140, Ex- _ 
ceptions — adventitious buds—subterranean stems. 141, Collum—a, stationary. 
142, Parts of the root, —a, caudex — 4, fibres —c, spongioles. 143, Forms of roots. 
144, Ramose —a, analogous to branches — illustration, —4, further illustration, — 
ce, extent of roots. 145, Fusiform root — forked —tap root — premorse — napiform. 
146, Fibrous, —a, fasciculated. 147, Tuberous, —a, palmate —4, granulated. 148, 
Use of fleshy roots. 149, Floating root. 150, Epiphytes — parasites. 
PHYSIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE ROOT.—66_ 
151, Internal structure. 152, Fibrils, structure—function. 153, Growth of root. 
154, Its mest obvious function — most important one —a, illustration. 155, Activi 
of absorption dependent on. 156, Part which absorbs, &c. —a, illustration, — 0, 
transplanting. 1957, Force of absorption, — a, illustration. 158, Cause of shane, 
tion — not capillary attraction, — a, experiment in ante exosmose — endos- 
mose. 159, Requisite conditions, —a, how they exist in the root, — appli 
160, Use of absorption, — a, power of choice — illustration. ¥ r. 
s 
