8 CONTENTS AND 
theoretical position, —c, sammary — corn between a flower and a leafy 
branch. 62, Apparent exceptions — examples of symmetrical flowers. 63, a, First 
cause of deviation, the development of one or more additional whorls —-exam- 
ples. —4, Second cause, the suppression of entire whorls—examples.—c, Third 
cause, the suppression of parts of whorls — examples. —d, Fourth eause, the union 
of parts of the same whorl — examples.—e, Fifth cause, the union of organs of differ- 
ent whorls — examples. —/, Sixth cause, unequal development of similar s— 
examples.—g, Seventh cause, reconversion of organs—examples.—A, Eighth 
cause, development of axis — examples. 
CHAPTER V.—OF THE FLOWER. 
§2. STAMENS AND THE ARTIFICIAL CLASSES. —34. ? 
64, The stamens, basis of a classification — why. — 65, Definition —66, parts — 
which essential. 67, Filament. 68, Anther— when sessile — connectile — anal- 
ogy, — a, cells — dehiscence, —4, connectile,—c, stamen abortive. 69, Modes of 
attachment of anther to filament, 1st, innate; 2d, adnate; 3d, versatile ; 4th, in- 
trorse —extrorse. 70, Pollen—forms,—a, structure—molecules. 71, Physio- 
logical strueture — of the filament—connectile— anther — pollen. 72, Theoretical 
structure — proof from the transitions of stamens into pistils—-examples. 73, Cir- 
cumstances in which stamens vary —twenty-four Linnean Classes. 74, Number, — 
‘Etymology of the names of the Classes. Class 1st, 2nd, 3d, 4th, 5th, éth, 7th, Sth, 
9th, 10th, llth. 2nd, Position,—12th, 13th. 3d, Relative length,—14th, 15th, 
4th, Connection, —16th, 17th, i8th, 19th, 20th. Sth, Absence,—21st, 22d, 23d, 
t 
CHAPTER VI.— THE FLOWER. 
§38. OF THE PISTIL AND THE ARTIFICIAL ORDERS.—39. 
75, The pistil, its position — structure. 76, Ovary—ovules. '77, Ovary simple — 
compound —carpels. 78, The style —number— connection. 79, Stigma — sim- 
ple—compound. 80, Number of styles, orders founded upon. Order Ist, 2nd, 3rd, 
4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th. Note,— Orders of the class Didyna- 
mia — Tetradynamia — Orders of the 16th, 17th, 18th, 20th, 21st, and 22d classes. 
Orders of Syngenesia, Equalis— Superflua— Frustranea — Necessaria — Segre- 
ta. Orders of Polygamia, Moncecia—Dicecia. Orders of the 24th, class. 81, 
vules. 82, Placenta— structure —direction. 83, Physiological structure —of the _ 
ovary — style — stigma — without epidermis. 84, Theoretical structure explained, — 
sutures — ventral — dorsal, — a, illustration, — 4, ¢, illustrations continued. 85, Pro- 
positions, — first —second—third—fourth. 86, These propositions when true. 87, 
Central placenta, — parietal placenta. 88, Free central placenta, — explanation. — 
a, Ovules proved to be analogous to buds. 89, Ovules enclosed — naked, —a, erect 
— ascendi e pendulous — suspended. 90, Foramen — primine — secundine — nu- 
cleus —a, illustration. 91, Funiculus—chalaza. 
$4. OF THE MUTUAL ACTION OF THE STAMENS AND PISTILS.—44. 
92, Their specific office — how accomplished, —a, illustrations, — tulip — Kalmia, 
a 93, Action of pollen upon the stigma—tubes. 94, Molecules—their destina~ 
on. 
CHAPTER VIIl.— THE FLOWER. 
§5. OF THE CALYX.—45. 
95, Calyx — etymology — color. —96, Sepals — monosepalous — polysepalous. — 
97, Calyx — af — superior, — 98, caducous — deciduous — renateat, —99, re- 
duced — wanting — a, Pappus — pilose — plumose — setose — paleaceous. 
§6. OF THE COROLLA. —46. 
100, The porcine elymology 101, Petals — polypetalous —monopetalous. 102, 
Claw — lamina, — 103, tube — limb, — 104, regular —irregular. 1, Corolla campanu- 
late. Infundibuliform. 3, Hypocratiriform. 4, Rotate. 5, Labiate —ringent— 
e —galea. 105, Forms of polypetalous corollas, —1, Cruciform. 2, Rosa- 
ceous Liliaceous. 4,Caryophyllaceous. 5, Papilionaceous — vexillum— ale — 
earin®. 106, Physiological structure —colors, 
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