ASCIDIA, STIPULES, AND BRACTS. 93 
9. Quinate, when there are five leaflets radiating from the 
same point of the petiole, as in Potentilla argentea. 
10. Septinate, when there are seven leaves from the same 
point in the petiole, and so on. | 
242. With regard to insertion, the leaf is said to be 
1. Amplezxicaul, when its base surrounds or clasps the stem. 
1 2 4 
FIG. 33.— Modes of insertion. 
2. Perfoliate, when the base lobes of an amplexicaul leaf are 
united together, so that the stem appears to pass through the 
leaf. 
3. Decurrent, when the base lobes of the leaf grow to the 
stem below the point of insertion, so that the leaf seems to run 
downwards (Lat. decurro). 
4. Connate, when the bases of two opposite leaves are united. 
5. Stellate, verticillate, or whorled, when several leaves are 
arranged around the stem at the same node. 
\243. It is often found necessary, in the description of a plant, to combine two 
or more of the terms above mentioned, to express some intermediate figure or 
quality; thus ovate-lanceolate, signifying between ovate and lanceolate, &c. 
a. The Latin preposition sub (under), prefixed to a descriptive term, denotes 
the quality which the term expresses, in a lower degree, as subsessile, nearly ses- 
sile, subserrate, somewhat serrate, &c. 
§9. ASCIDIA, STIPULES, AND BRACTS. 
244. In the teazel (Dipsacus) of our own fields, and in the Tillandsia, or wild 
pine of South America, there are hollows at the point of union between the leaf- 
stalk and the stem, capable of holding a considerable amount of water. The 
midrib and petiole of the leaves of the Arum, also, are channeled out in such a 
manner as to convey water to the axil. 
245. But the most remarkable of all leaves are those which are ‘hollowed out 
into the form of pitchers, called ascidia. 
a. In the Sarracenia, a plant common in our own peat-bogs, these pitchers are 
evidently formed by the very deep channeling of the petiole, and the uniting 
together of the involute edges of its winged margin so as to form a complete 
vase, with a broad expansion at the top, which may be regarded as the true leaf. 
