MENISPERMUM. V. MENISPERMACEZ. 151 
was 23f; 20 feet from the ground its diameter was 5f; the whole height 
125f. The trunk is perfectly straight and cylindric. At top it divides rather 
abruptly into coarse, crooked, rather unsightly branches. Leaves dark green, 
smooth, truncate at the end, with two lateral lobes, 3—5/ in length and breadth, 
on long petioles. In May and June it puts forth numerous large and brilliant 
flowers, greenish-yellow, orange within, solitary, 4—6/ diam. The wood is 
extensively used as a substitute for pine. 
Orper IV. ANONACEA®.—Anonaps. 
Trees or Shrubs. 
Lvs. alternate, simple, entire, without stipules. 
Fis. usually green or brown, axillary, pe shorter than the leaves. 
Cal.—Sepals 3—4, persistent, often united at base. 
Cor.—Petals 6,in two rows, hypogynous, estivation valvate. 
Sta. indefinite, densely crowded. Fil. short. Anth. adnate, extrorse. 
Ova. numerous, closely packed. Bre. short or 0: Stig simple. f 
Fr. dry or succulent, 1—many-seeded, distinct or aggregated. Sds. anatropous. 
Genera 20, species 300, chiefly native within the tropics of both hemispheres. Four species are 
found in the United States, all of the following genus. Plants generally aromatic in all their parts. 
UVARTA. 
Lat. wva, grape ; from the resemblance of the fruit of some species. 
Sepals 3, united at base; petals 6,in 2 rows; carpels oblong, 
baccate, often torulose, pulpy within ; seeds several— Aromatic shrubs 
or trees. , 
U. rrinépa. Torr. and Gr. (Anona. Linn.) Pawpaw. 
Ivs. obovate-oblong, acuminate; pet. dark-purple, exterior orbicular, 3 or 
4 times as long as the sepals—A small and beautiful tree, 15—20f high, on 
banks of streams, Middle, Southern and Western States. Branches and leaves 
nearly glabrous, the latter 8—12’ by 3-4’, very smooth and entire, tapering to 
very short petioles. Fruit about 1’ thick and 3’ long, ovoid-oblong, about 
en yellowish, fragrant, eatable, ripe in October. Flowers in March, 
pr. 
Orver V. MENISPERMACEA®.—Menispermaps. . 
Shrubs twining or climbing, with alternate, entire leaves. 
Fis. small, in panicles or racemes, usually dicwcious. | ; +e : 
" Cal.—Sepals 3—8, in a double series, 2—4 ineach, imbricated in estivation, hypog., deciduous. 
Cor.—Petals 1—8, hypogynous, usually as many as the sepals, rarely 0. pe [many. 
Sta. distinct or monadelphous, equal in number to the petals and opposite to them, or 3 or 4 times as 
Anth. innate and consisting of 4 globose lobes. P 
Ova. usually solitary, sometimes 2—4. Fr. a drupe, globose-reniform. 
_ Genera 11, species 175, most of them natives of tropical Asia and America. The only northern genus 
is Menispermum. 
Properties.—A few plants of this order contain a bitter principle in their roots. A foreign species 
of Menispermum yields the colwmbo of the shops, which is a valuable tonic; another genus, Anamirta 
Cocculus, of India, furnishes the Indian cockle, so intoxicating to fishes. 
MENISPERMUM. 
Gr. umm, the moon; o7epua, seed; from the crescent form of the seed. 
Flowers 2c’; sepals 4—8, in a double row; petals 4—7, minute, 
retuse; d' Stamens 12—20. @ Ovaries and styles 2—4; drupes 
1-seeded ; seeds lunate and compressed. 
M. Canapense.—Moon-seed. 
St. climbing; /vs. roundish, cordate, angular, peltate, the petiole inserted 
near the base; rac. compound; pet. 6—7, small—tIn woods and hedges near 
streams, Can. to Car. W. to the Miss. Stems round, striate, 8—12f long. 
Leaves 4—5’ diam., generally 5-angled, smooth, pale beneath, on petioles 3—5’ 
long. Flowers in axillary clusters, small, yellow. Drupes about 4” diam., 
black, resembling grapes. The root is perennial, and in medicine has the pro- 
erties of a tonic. Jl. 
8. lobatum, has the leaves lobed. 
