XII. FUMARIACEZ. 157 
5. PAPAVER. 
Celtic, papa, pap; a soporific food for children, composed of poppy-seeds, &c: 
Sepals 2, caducous; petals 4; stamens 00; capsule 1-celled, open- 
ing by pores under the broad, persistent stigma.— LE zotic herbs, mostly 
@, with white juice abounding in opium. | 
1. P. soMNIFERUM. Opium Poppy. 
Glabrous and glaucous; Jvs. clasping, incised and dentate; sep. glabrous; 
cap. globose.—A plant with large, brilliantly white flowers, double in cultiva- 
tion. Stem 14—3f high. Leaves 4—8’ by 2—3’, with rather obtuse dentures. 
Every part, but especially the capsule, abounds with a white juice powerfully 
narcotic, and which when hardened in the sun, forms the opwwm of the shops. 
For this drug, it is extensively cultivated in Europe and southern Asia. Jn. 
IL +4 
2. P. pusium. Dubious Poppy. SS 
Caulescent; st. hispid with spreading hairs; /vs. pinnately parted, seg- 
ments incised; ped. clothed with appressed hairs; sep. hairy; caps. obovoid- 
oblong, glabrous.—Sparingly naturalized in cultivated grounds, Penn. Stem 
about 2f high. Flowers light red or scarlet. Jn. Jl.§ 
3. P. Ruwas. Common Red Poppy.—sSt. many-flowered, hairy ; lvs. incisely 
pinnatifid; capsules smooth, nearly globose.—Distinguished from the last spe- 
cies chiefly by its more finely divided leaves and its globular capsule. About 
2f high. Flowers very large and showy, of a deep scarlet red. Varieties are 
produced with various shades of red and particolored flowers, more or less dou- 
ble. Jn. Jl. + 
4. P. orientate. Oriental Poppy.—St. 1-flowered, rough; lwvs. scabrous, 
pinnate, serrate ; capsules smooth. — Native of Levant. Stem 3f high. 
Flowers very large, and of a rich scarlet color, too brilliant to be looked upon 
in the sun. Jn.t 
6. ESCHSCHOLTZIA. 
Named for Eschscholtz, a German botanist, well known for his researches in California: 
Sepals 2, cohering by their edge, caducous; petals 4; stamens 00, 
adhering to the claws of the petals; stigmas 4—7, sessile, 2—3 of 
them abortive ; capsule pod-shaped, cylindric, 10-striate, many- 
seeded—@® Leaves pinnatifid, glaucous. The juice, which is colorless, 
exhales the odor of hydrochloric acid. 
+1. E. Dovuciasu. Hook. (Chryseis Californica, of Lindl. and of 1st edit.)— 
St. branching, leafy; torws obconic; cal. ovoid, with avery short, abrupt acu- 
mination; pet. bright yellow, with an orange spot at base.—A very showy 
annual, common in our gardens. Native of California, Oregon, &c. The 
foliage is smooth, abundant and rich, dividing in a twice or thrice pinnatifid 
manner into linear segments. Flowers 2’ broad. +t 
+. E. Cauirornica. Hook. (Chryseis crocea, Lindl. and of 1st edit.)—St. 
branching, leafy; torws funnel-form, with a much dilated limb; cal. obconic, 
with a long acumination; fis. orange-yellow.—From California. Leaves and 
color of flowers as in the preceding, except the latter are more of a reddish- 
orange hue. f 
Orver XIJI. FUMARIACE #.—Fvmeworrs. 
Plants herbaceous, with brittle stems and a watery juice. | “ 
Lvs. usually alternate, multifid, often furnished with tendrils. 
Fis. irregular, purple, white or yellow. Sep. 2, deciduous. : % 
Cor.—Petals 4, hypogynous, parallel, one or both of the outer saccate, 2 inner cohering.at apex. 
Sta. 6, diadelphous ; fil. dilated ; anth. adnate, extrorse, 2 outer 1-celled, middle 2-celled. 
Ova. superior, 1-celled ; sty. filiform ; stig. with one or more points. 
Fr. either an indehiscent nut 1—2-seeded, or a pod-shaped capsule many-seeded. 
Sds. shining, ariled. <Albwmen fleshy. : 
Genera 15, species 110,—some of them beautiful and delicate, inhabiting thickets in the temperate 
regions of the northern hemisphere. They possess no remarkable action upon the animal economy. 
