176 XVI. VIOLACE. Viowa. 
veiny, entire, white at the base, the lateral and upper ones marked with a few 
blue strie. Very variable in respect to pubescence. May. — ne 
B. sororia. T. & G. (V. sororia. Willd.) Nearly smooth; Ws. exactly cor- 
date ; fls. small. 
. reniformis. Pubescent; ls. broadly renitorm. 
6. alba. T. & G. Nearly smooth; fls. white.—R. I. Olney! 
3. V. saairTara. Ait. Arrow-leaved Violet. 
Las. oblong-lanceolate, sagittate-cordate, subacute, often incisely dentate 
at base, serrate-crenate, smooth or slightly pubescent; ped. longer than the 
leaves; lower and lateral pet. densely bearded.—On dry hills, Can. to Flor. W. 
to Ark. Leaves varying from oblong-sagittate to triangular-hastate, on mar- 
gined petioles, acute or not. Scapes 3— 5’ long. Sepals lanceolate, acute. 
Petals entire, veiny, purplish-blue, white at base. Stigma rostrate, margined. 
Apr.—Jn. - 
4. V. ovata. Nutt. Ovate-leaved Violet. 
Las. ovate, crenate, ciliate, abruptly decurrent on the short petiole, pu- 
bescent; lateral pet. bearded; stig. a little rostrate——On dry hills, N.J. Leaves 
many, mostly hairy on both sides, sometimes nearly smooth, ¢ as wide as long, 
acute or not, upper ones often laciniate-dentate at base. Sepals ciliate, oblong- 
ovate, deeply emarginate behind. Petals entire, veiny, pale-purple, obovate, 
the lateral ones with dense white beard. Spur broad. Apr. May. 
5. V. patmatTa. Palmated Violet. 
Pubescent; dvs. cordate, lobed in a hastate or palmate manner, the lobes 
crenate and toothed, the middle one much the largest; lateral pet. bearded.—In 
upland pastures, Can to Ark. Stem 3—6/ high. Root-stock scaly. Petioles 
hairy. The early leaves are ovate, entire, the later and perfect are often purple 
beneath, variously lobed and cleft, the middle lobe always the largest and 
longest, with 2 or 3 each side. Peduncle sub-4-angled, 3—6’ long. Stipules 
lanceolate. Petals purple, entire, veiny, white at the base, upper ones smaller, 
lateral ones densely bearded, and marked with blue strie. May. 
6. V. pepata. Pedate Violet. : 
Nearly glabrous; 7t. premorse ; /vs. pedate, 5—9-parted, segments linear- 
lanceolate, mostly entire; stig. large, obliquely truncate; beak obscure.—Dry 
woods and pastures, Can. to Ill. and to Flor. Rhizoma fleshy, ending abruptly 
as if cut or bitten off. Leaves thick, divided into about 7 obtuse, narrow seg- 
ments. Petioles with long, ciliate stipules at base. Peduncles sub-4-angled, 
much longer than the leaves. Petals pale blue, white at base, all of them 
beardless and entire. Apr. May. 
7. V. pecpuiniroiia. Nutt. Larkspur-leaved Violet. 
Nearly glabrous; lvs. pedate, 7—9-parted, with linear 2—3-cleft segments; 
stig. thick, distinctly beaked; 2 upper petals pubescent, 3 lower emarginate; 
spur. saccate, short.—2. Prairies and bottoms, Ill.! and Mo. Root thick. Leaves 
often finely divided with many dissected segments. Stipules acuminate, sub- 
entire. Peduncles a little longer than the leaves. Flowers rather smaller than 
in the last, of a rich blue. Mar. Ap. 
8. V. patustris. Mountain Violet. 
Lws. reniform-cordate ; stip. broadly ovate, acuminate; stig. margined; 
sepals ovate, obtuse; caps. oblong-triangular; sds. ovate, dark green.—Summits 
of the White Mts. About 3’ high, pubescent. Leaves crenate, 1’ by }. 
Flowers small, pale blue, on peduncles longer than the leaves and bibracteate 
near the middle. Rhizoma creeping, scaly. Jn. ’ 
9. V. oporita. Sweet or English Violet—WStolons creeping; ls. cordate, 
crenate, nearly smooth; sep. obtuse ; lateral pet. with a hairy line.—Native of 
England. It is well characterized by its long, trailing, leafy runners. The 
leaves are truly heart-shaped. Stipules lanceolate, toothed. Peduncles longer 
than the leaves, bracted. Flowers small, fragrant—Several garden varieties 
are known, distinguished by the form and color of the flowers; viz. the purple, 
white, and blue flowered, the double white, double purple, and double blue 
flowered, and the Neapolitan with pale blue flowers. Apr. May. TF 
