206 XXXVI. MALVACER. | Matva. 
C. Japonica. Tea Plant. Japan Rose—Lws. ovate, acuminate, acutely ser- 
rate, glabrous and shining on both sides, coriaceous and firm, on short petioles; 
jis. terminal and mostly solitary; pet. obovate, of a firm texture; sta. about'50, 
mostly changed to petals in cultivation; stig. unequally 5-cleft. A lofty tree in 
Japan, its native country, a splendid flowering shrub with us, of difficult culti- 
vation, requiring protection in our climale. Flowers varying from white to 
red, resembling the rose but wanting its fragrance, Over 300 varieties are 
enumerated. 
/Orver XXXVII. MALVACEAlL—Mattows. 
Herbs, shrubs or trees, with alternate, stipulate, divided leaves. Hairs stellate.or none. 
Fis. axillary, showy, regular, often with an involucel at the base. 
Cal.—Sepals generally 5, more or less united at base, valvate in estivation. 
Cor.—Petals equal in number to, the sepals, hypogynous. 
Sta. indefinite, monadelphous. Anthers 1-celled, bursting transversely. 
Ova. of several carpels arranged in one or more rows around:a common axis. 
Sty. as many as the carpels, either united or distinct. 
Fr. capsular or baccate ; carpels one or more-seeded, united or distinct. 
Sds. sometimes (as in Gossypium) hairy. Embryo curved. 
Genera 37, species 1000. A somewhat important class of plants, forming about one-fiftieth of all the 
flowering plants of tropical valleys.—But few are natives of the temperate, and none of the frigid zone. 
In the Northern States they are all herbs. The most important product of the order is cotton. 
operties.—Generally abounding in mucilage, and-destitute of any deleterious qualities. 
; : . As Dn 
4 
Lif 
Nes — 
ys 
A 
<) YY 
7 
Ly, 
KA 
FIG 41.—1. Hibiscus Trionum. 2. Cross section of the flower, showing the arrangement of its parts. 
8. Cross section of the 5-celled capsule. 4. Capsule open by its 5 valyes. 5. Malva sylvestris. 6. ‘Its 
fruit consisting of 10 carpels arranged ina circle. 7. Section of one of the carpels-showing the curved 
embryo. 
Conspectus of the Genera. 
! fue nearly distinct. MME recipe 1 
of 3oblongbracteoles which ?are united. . . . .«. « « « . Lavatera. 3 
. § Capsule 3—5-celled. . “ + . A - Gossypium. 2 
of 3 cordate bracteoles. Carpels 00,distinct. . . « . » « Malope. 6 
; united. . ..5.,,,:0 5, “ony shent jagieean relents tenet ene nE 4 
of 6—15 bracteoles whichare (nearly distinct. . . . «+. « « « Htbiscus. 5 
: ; ells 3—6-seeded. off, . 0% |. Avi siacanetue iy 1 76k SRE 
Involucel \ wanting. Carpelsunited. @Cellsi-seeded. . . «. » « « « Sida. 8 
1 MALVA. 
Gr. padayn, soft ; on account of the soft mucilaginous properties. 
Calyx 5-cleft, the involucel mostly 3-leaved; carpels 00, 1-celled, 
1-seeded, indehiscent, arranged circularly. 
1. M. rorunpirouia. Low Mallow. 
St. prostrate; lvs. roundish, cordate, obtusely 5-lobed; ped. in fruit re- 
flexed; cor. twice as long as the calyx.—2| Common in cultivated grounds. 
Root fusiform. Stems numerous, a foot or more long. Leaves of a fine, deli- 
cate texture, somewhat reniform, crenate, with 5—7 shallow lobes, and on long, 
hairy stalks. Peduncles axillary, aggregate. Petals pale pink, dee ivathebed: 
Fruit depressed-globose, composed of the numerous carpels beet circularly. 
The child sportively calls them cheeses, a name which their form very naturally 
suggests. Jn.—Oct. § 
2. M. sytvestris. High Mallow. (Fig. 41, 5.) 
St. erect; lvs. 5—7-lobed, lobes rather acute; ped. and petioles hairy.— 
