296 LXIX. CORNACEE. Cornus. 
*Orver LXI CORNACE Ai.—Cornets. 
Trees and shrubs, seldom herbs, without stipules. ; i 
Lvs. opposite (alternate in one species), with pinnate veinlets. Hairs Pacis the centre. 
Cai.—Sepals adherent to the ovary, the limb minute, 4 or 5-toothed or lobed. 
Cor.—Petals 4 or 5, distinct, alternate with the teeth of the calyx. 
Sta. of the same number as petals and alternate with them. 
Ova. 1 or 2-celled. Fruit a baccate drupe, crowned with the calyx. 
_ Genera 9, species 40. They are natives throughout the temperate zone of both continents. The order 
is distinguished for its bitter and astringent bark. That of Cornus florida is an excellent tonic, similar in 
its action to the Peruvian bark. Cornusis the only N. American genus. 4 
CORNUS. 
Lat. cornu, a horn; from the hardness of the woed of some species. 
Calyx 4-toothed, segments small; petals 4, oblong, sessile; sta- 
mens 4; style 1; drupe baccate, with a 2 or 3-celled nut.—Tvees, 
shrubs or perennial herbs. Lvs. (mostly opposite), entire. Fils. in cymes, 
often involucrate. Floral envelops valvate in estivation. 
* Flowers cymose. Involucre0. Shrubs. 
1, C. stotonirEra. Michx. (C. alba. Wang.) White-berried Cornel or 
Dog-wood.—St. often stoloniferous ; branches spreading, smooth ; shoots vir- 
gate; lvs. broad-ovate, acute, pubescent, hoary beneath; cymes naked, flat; der- 
ries white—A small tree, N. and W. States, and Can., 8—10f in height, with 
smooth, slender, spreading branches, which are commonly red, especially 
in winter. It often sends out from its base prostrate and rooting stems, 
with erect shoots. Leaves distinctly veined, minutely pubescent, and whitish 
tomentose beneath, petiolate and pointed. Flowers in terminal cymes, white, 
followed by bluish-white drupes. According to Dr. Bigelow, it sometimes blos- 
soms twice a year. May, Jn. ; 
2. C. sericea. Red Osier. 
Branches spreading ; branchlets woolly ; lvs. ovate, rounded at base, acu- 
minate, ferruginous, pubescent beneath; cymes depressed, woolly ; drupes bright 
blue—U. 8. and Can. A variety has leaves tapering at base. A shrub about 
8f high, with opposite, dusky, purple branches, and dark-red shoots. Leaves 2 
—4’ long, 4 as wide, varying front ovate and oval to lanceolate, nearly smooth 
above, with rather prominent veins; petioles 4—1’ long. Flowers yellowish- 
white appearing in June. 
3. C. circINATA. Round-leaved Cornel or Dog-wood. 
Branches verrucose ; lvs. orbicular or very broadly oval, white tomentose 
beneath ; cymes spreading, depressed; drwpeslight-blue.—A shrub some 6f high, 
Can. to Md., W. to Ia. Stem greyish, upright, with opposite, cylindrical, 
green, spotted or warty branches. Leaves large, about as broad as long, oppo- 
site, acuminate, covered with.a white, thick down on the under side. Flowers 
white. Berries hollowed at base, soft, crowned with the remains of thestyle. Jn. 
4. C. panicutata. White or Panicled Cornel. 
Branches erect, smooth; lvs. ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, acute at base, 
scabrous above, hoary beneath; cymes paniculate; drwpes white—A handsome 
shrub, 10f high, common in low woodlands and thickets, N. and W. States and 
Can. It has numerous and very branching stems, covered with a greyish bark, 
the shoots chestnut-colored. Leaves small, (i—2! long, 4—%/ wide). Petioles 
1—4” long. Flowers small, white in all their parts, in many small, conical 
cymes, succeeded by small drupes. 
5. C. ALTERNIFOLIA. 
Ivs. alternate, oval, acute, hoary beneath; branches alternate, verrucese; 
drupes purple, globose.—A small tree, N. and W. States and Can., about twice 
the height of the last, in moist woods. The branches are smooth, even, spread- 
ing from the upper part of the stem, and forming a depressed summit. Bark 
greenish, marked with warty streaks. Leaves irregularly scattered along the 
branches, oval-lanceolate, acute, entire, veined, whitish underneath, on rather 
long stalks. Flowers pale buff-color, in a loose cyme. Jn. 
