308 LXXIIl. VALERIAN ACE, Fepia. 
S. Maryuanvica. Pink-root. Worm-grass. 
Erect, simple, nearly glabrous; st. square; lvs. sessile, ovate-lanceolate, 
acute or acuminate, margin and veins scabrous-pilose; spikes 3—8-flowered ; 
cor. tube 4 times longer than the calyx; anh. exserted; lobes of the cor. lance- 
olate ; caps. glabrous, shorter than the calyx.—2 In woods, Penn. to Flor. W. 
to [ll. Mead, and Tenn. Miss Carpenter! An elegant dark green herb, a foot 
high. Leaves 3—4’ by 14—2}’, entire, often ovate-acuminate, the stipules 
scarcely perceptible. Flowers 14—2’ long, somewhat club-shaped, scarlet with- 
out, yellow within. Style exserted. June.—A celebrated anthelmintic. 
Orper LXXITII. VALERIANACE A.—Vateruns. 
Herbs, with opposite leaves and no stipules. ? 
Cal. adherent, the limb either membranous or resembling a pappus. 
Cor. tubular or funnel-form, 4—5-lobed, sometimes spurred at base. Z 
Sta. distinct, inserted into the corolla tube, alternate with, and generally fewer than its lobes. 
Ova. inferior, with one perfect cell, and two abortive ones. 
Sds. Solitary, pendulous, in a dry, indehiscent pericarp. 
Genera 12, species 185, widely diffused in temperate climates The true valerian of the shops, used in 
hysteria, epilepsy, &c., is a product of Valeriana officinalis. The roots of several other species possess a 
heavy odor, and are tonic, antispasmodic, febrifugal, &c. The spikenard (John xii. 3, &c.) of old, valued 
as a perfume and a stimulant, is from the root of Nardostachys Jatamansi. 
Genera. 
Limb of the calyx at length a plumose pappus, deciduous. . . « + « « .« Valeriana.1 
Limb of the calyx toothed and persistent, or obsolete. . “ 3 F 2 . s . Fedia. 2 
1 VALERIANA. 
Dedicated to king Valerius, a patron and friend of botanists. Linn. 
Calyx at first very small, at length forming a plumose pappus ; 
corolla funnel-form, regular, 5-cleft; stamens 3; fruit 1-celled, 1- 
seeded.—% Lvs. opposite, mostly pinnately divided. ls. in close cymes. 
1. V. sytvaTica. . wliginosa. Wild Valerian. 
St. erect, striate, simple; radical lvs. ovate or subspatulate, undivided; 
cauline ones pinnately divided, segments ovate-lanceolate, entire or subserrate, 
the terminal one often dentate; lobes of the stig. minute, 2 or 3; fr. ovate, com- 
ressed, smooth.—Stem 1—2f high. Swamps, Vt.! to Mich., very rare. 
lant nearly smooth. Leaves ciliate with scattered hairs; those of the root 
petioled, sometimes auriculate at base, those of the stem with 4—8 lateral 
segments and a large terminal one. Flowers numerous, rose-colored, appear- 
ing in July. 
2. V. pauciFLORA. Michx. 
Glabrous, erect or decumbent, often stoloniferous at base; radical lvs. 
ovate, cordate, slightly acuminate, on long petioles, crenate-serrate ; cauline 
innately 3—7-parted; /fts. ovate, terminal one much the largest; cymules few- 
owered, corymbose; corolla tube long and slender.—Ohio! to Va. and Tenn. 
Stem mostly simple, 1—2f high. Leaves of the succors mostly undivided, 1— 
13’ by 3—14’, petioles 1—4’ long. Flowers pale purple, 3?’ in length. Jn. Jl. 
3. V. ciuidTa. Torr. & Gray. 
Simple, smooth and somewhat fleshy; dvs. lance-linear, some of them 
pinnately cleft into 3—7 lance-linear, acute segments, margins densely and 
minutely ciliate, mostly attenuated to the base ; cauline ones few, with linear 
segments; panicle compound; fr. compressed, 4-ribbed, crowned with the late 
calyx limb of 10 or 12 plumose setz.—Low grounds, Can., Wis.! Ohio! Root 
yellowish, fusiform. Stem 1—3f high. Root-leaves many, 3—8’ long, seg- 
ments 2—4” wide. Flowers white, in a close panicle, which is greatly expand- 
ed in fruit. June. 
2. FEDIA. Adans. 
Perhaps from fedus ; on account of the strong odor of some of the species. 
Calyx limb 3—6-toothed and persistent, or obsolete; corolla tu- 
bular, 5-lobed, regular ; stamens 2 or 3 ; fruit 2 or 3-celled, 1-seeded. 
—@® Lws. opposite, sessile. One or two cells of the fruit abortive. 
