LXXV. COMPOSITZ. 311 
The fiowers are moreover said to be 
Of the disk, where they stand in or near the centre of the head; 
Of the ray, when they stand in the outer circle or circumference of the head; 
Ligulate (strap-shaped), when the limb is split on one side and spread open in the form ofa strap. 
Tubular, when they are monopetalous with a regular limb. ‘The Heads are termed 
Homogamous, where they consist wholly of perfect flowers; ; . i 
Heterogamous, where the flowers of the disk are perfect or staminate, while those of the ray or margin 
are pistillate or neutral ; 
Radiant, where the flowers are all ligulate, as in the dandelion ; ; : 
Radiate, where those of the ray or margin only are ligulate, the rest being tubular, as in Aster; 
Discoid, where all the flowers are tubular, as in the thoroughwort ; 
Monecious, where the same head has both staminate and pistillate flowers ; : 
Heterocephalous, where the same individual plant has some of its heads wholly of staminate, and others 
wholly of pistillate flowers. Saas ; : 
Diecious, where the same species has some of its individuals with staminate heads only, and others 
with pistillate heads only. "The anthers are usually appendiculate, that is, prolonged at the summit inte 
a membranous appendage. The achenia are termed k 7 
en heed when they are prolonged at the summit into a slender neck supporting the pappus, as in the 
Compressed, when they are flattened parallel with the diameter of the head ; 
Obcompressed, when flattened parallel with the circwmference of the head. 
wy ‘i \ WD 
We, 
8 
——— 
Tot ee 
FIG. 47.—1. Helianthus strumosus—head radiate. 2. Vertical section of the head, showing the scales 
of the involucre, and a single disk-flower remaining upon the convex receptacle. 3. A perfect disk-flower 
magnified, showing the achenium, the 2 awns of the pappus, the 5-toothed tubular corolla, the 5 stamens 
united around the branched style, and the chaff-scale at base. 4. Head (radiate) of Solidago cesia. 
5. A pistillate, ligulate fiower of the ray. 6. A perfect disk fl. 7. A (radiant) head of Taraxacum Dens- 
leonis. 8. A perfect, ligulate fl. 9. Achenium, with its long beak and plumose pappus. 10. A (radiant) 
head of Nabalus altissimus. 11. A flower. 12. Lappa major, head discoid. 13. A flower. 14. One of 
the hooked scales. 15. A (discoid) head of Eupatorium purpureum. 16. A flower. 17. Ambrosia arte- 
misiafolia. 18. Staminate head enlarged. 19. Pistillate involucre enlarged. 20. The fertile flower. 
Conspectus of the Genera. 
: ; Leaves alternate. + Sala 
_ _,. §Corollas cyanic. ? Leaves opposite or verticillate. 
( discoid. ? Corollas yellow. E : E 3 ‘ 
§ Leaves alternate. ; : 
Rays yellow. . 2? Leaves opposite orall radical. 
} p ; Leaves opposite or all radical. 
radiate. Leaves alternate, : 
DAA DALE 
DBIAMAP Wwe 
Rays cyanic. . 
. 
Heads (radiant. ~ 
oF 
