338 LXXV. COMPOSIT Zz. ZINNIA, 
prominences, each branch leafless towards the summit and bearing a large head 
with 12—15 bright yellow rays. These are aninch long, and surround a broad- 
ly conical disk of dark purple or dark brown chaff antt flowers. July—Sept.t 
5. R. rutaipa. Ait. (R.chrysomela. Michz. R. spatulata. Ph.) 
St. hirsute, with rigid hairs ; branches slender, naked above; lvs. strigose- 
pubescent, remotely denticulate, radical petiolate, ovate, cauline lance-oblong, 
tapering to the sessile, subclasping base; scales oblong, spreading, as long as 
the spreading rays; chaff linear-oblong, obtuse—Mountains, Penn. to Ohio! 
and Ga. Stem 1—3f high. Rays 12—14, scarcely longer than the leafy invo- 
lucre, deep orange-yellow. July, Oct. + 
6. R. speciésa. Wender. 
St. hispidly hirsute ; branches slender, elongated, naked above; lvs. sca- 
brous-pubescent, strongly dentate, radical ones broadly ovate, 5-veined, on long: 
petioles, cauline ovate and lanceolate, 3-veined, upper sessile; scales lance-lin- 
ear, much shorter than the spreading rays; chaff linear-oblong, acute.—Bor- 
ders of woods, Ll. Jenney! Ohio! to Penn. <A large and very showy species, 
2—4f high. Leaves rather thin, radical 4—5’ by 3—4’, the teeth mucronu- 
late; petioles 6—10/ long. Rays about 18, oblong,linear, bright yellow. Aug. 
—Oct. f 
31. ECHINACEA. Mench. 
Gr, éxtvos, the hedgehog ; from the character of the palex, ; 
Involucre scales imbricated in 2 rows; ray-flowers neutral; disk- 
flowers %; receptacle conic; with rigid, mucronate pales; pappus.0. 
—1 Lvs. alternate. Rays purple, pendulous. 
1. E. purpurEA. Meench. (Rudbeckia Linn.) Purple Cone-flower or 
Comb-flower.—Very rough; lower lvs. broad-ovate, attenhate at base, 
remotely toothed; cauline ones lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, nearly entire; rays 
very long, deflexed, bifid.—T hickets and barrens, Western ! and Southern States. 
A tall, handsome plant, often cultivated. Stem 4f high, branched, sulcate. 
Leaves 4—8’ long, 4 as wide, rough, with short, stiff bristles, 3-veined. Heads 
large, solitary, on long peduncles. Disk thickly beset with the stiff, pointed, 
brown chaff. Rays about 15, 2—3’ long, pendulous. July—Sept.—Root black, 
pungent, medicinal. + 
8. Rays nearly white——Ill. Dr. Mead in T. & G. Fl. Am. 
2. E. ancustirotia. DC. (Rudbeckia. pallida. Nutt.) 
St. hispid, subsimple, slender, naked above ; Jvs. entire, hispidly pubescent, 
3-veined, lower ones lanceolate, petiolate, upper lance-linear, sessile; scales in 
about 2 rows, short; vays 12—20, slender, drooping.—Prairies and marshes, Ill. 
Mo. to Tex. Plant of a more slender habit than the last, 2—3f high. Leaves 
3—6’ by 3—6”.  Petioles 0O—8” long. Heads on long, naked peduncles. Rays 
1—2’ long, purple, varying to white. Disk brown. May—July. 
32. LEPACHYS. 
Involucre in one series-of linear scales; ray flowers few, neutral, 
disk perfect; receptacle columnar, chaffy; chaff obtuse and bearded 
at apex ; pappus 0; fertile achenia compressed, 1—2-winged:—Y Ls. 
alternate, pinnatély divided. Hds. of flowers yellow, with long, droop- 
ing TAYs. 
L. prnnata. Torr. & Gray. (Rudbeckia. Mz. Obeliscaria. Cass.) 
Scabrous; lvs. all pinnate, the divisions 3—7, some of the lower ones 2+ 
parted, the rest undivided ; rays elongated.—In dry soil, Western N. Y., West- 
ern! and Southern States. Stem 2—4f high, slender, furrowed and hispid. 
Heads very showy. Rays yellow, about 2’ in length, pendulous, the disk ovate, 
le. 
sisal 33. ZINNIA. ae 
. Dedicated to John Godfrey Zinn, a German botanist, 1557. , 
Involucre scales oval, margined, imbricate; rays 5, persistent, en- 
