HELIANTHUs. LXXV. COMPOSITZ. 339 
tire, 2; disk flowers %; receptacle chaffy, conical; pappus of the 
disk of 2 erect awns——@ Wative at the South, &c. Lws. opposite, entire. 
1. Z. ELEGANS.—Hds. on long peduncles ; lvs. cordate, ovate, sessile-amplexi- 
caul; st. hairy; chaff serrated.—Native of Mexico. Jl. Aug.—Several varie- 
ties are known in cultivation; viz. a. violacea, with violet-colored flowers; 
B. alba, flowers white; y. purpurascens, flowers purple; 6. coccinea, flowers of a 
brilliant scarlet. + 
2. Z. MULTIFLORA.—Hds. on long peduncles; lvs. ovate-lanceolate, on short 
petioles.—Native of the Southern States.—Z. pauciflorum, with bright yellow 
flowers, is also found in cultivation. + 
34. HELIAN THUS. 
Gr. i105, the sun, avSos, flower; from the resemblance of the flowers. 
Heads many-flowered ; ray-fls. neutral, disk % ; scales of the invol- 
ucre imbricated in several series ; receptacle flat or convex, the chaff 
persistent, embracing the achenia; pappus of 2 chaffy awns, decidu- 
ous; achenia compressed or 4-sided, not margined.— Herbs mostly %., 
rough. Lvs. opposite, the wpper often alternate, mostly tripli-veined. 
Rays yellow, disk yellow or purple. 
§ Disk dark purple. 
1. H. annuus. Common Sunflower—Lvs. all cordate, 3-veined, only the 
lowest opposite; ped. thick; fis. nodding.—This well-known annual is from S. 
America. It grows in any soil, but its magnitude is increased by the fertility 
of it in direct proportion, until it reaches the height of 10 and even 20 feet. The 
common height may be stated at 7 feet. ‘The enormous size of the flowers with 
their broad rays of brilliant yellow are too well known to require description. An 
edible oil has been expressed from the seeds. Jl.—A splendid variety occurs 
with the flowers ail radiate. 
2. H. aneustirouius. Narrow-leaved Sunflower. 
Erect, slender, glabrous or hispidly hirsute; Jvs. sessile, linear, tapering 
to a long point, 1-veined, rigid, opposite, the upper often alternate, margin sub- 
denticulate, often revolute; Ads. pedunculate, few; scales lance-linear, the long 
point spreading ; chaff linear, 3-toothed—Sandy or rocky places, N. J.! Ky. 
and Southern States, common. Stem 2—3f high, subsimple. Leaves 2—5/ by 
3—6”, broadest at the abrupt base. Rays 12—18, expanding about 2’. Disk 
flowers brown at the summit. 
3. H. ricipus. Desf. (H. scaberrimus. Ell. H. crassifolius. Nutt.) Stiff 
leaved Sunflower.—Sl. erect, rigid, simple or with few branches, scabrous 
or smoothish, nearly naked above; dvs. lanceolate, tapering to each end, petio- 
late, mostly opposite, tripli-veined, serrulate or entire, rigid, scabrous both 
sides ; Ads. few; scales ovate, acute, regularly imbricate, shorter than the disk; 
chaff obtusish ; pappus 2 squame.—Prairies, &c., Wis. Lapham, to Mo., La., &c. 
Plant 2—4f high. Leaves 3—6’ by 4—1’, very rough with papillose hairs, but 
less so than in H. divaricatus. Rays 12— 20, expanding 2—3’, light yellow. 
§ § Disk yellow. * Leaves opposite. 
4. H. tztirLorvus. Pers. Splendid Sunflower. 
St. rough and branched above;‘ivs. oval-lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, 
tripli-veined, very rough on both sides, on short petioles, upper ones often alter- 
nate; scales ovate-lanceolate, ciliate, appressed, a little shorter than the disk; 
chaff entire or 3-toothed; rays 12—20.—Barrens, &c., Ia. Ohio. Torr. g Gray. 
A rough, but showy plant, 3—4f high. Leaves thick, 5—8’ by 14—24’. Rays 
nearly 2’ in length. Disk yellow. Aug.—Oct. + 
5. H. occipenrauis. Riddell. Western Sunflower. 
St. slender, simple, nearly naked above; lvs. opposite, oval, scabrous, ob- 
scurely serrate, contracted at base into long, hairy petioles, upper ones small 
and few, entire; ids. pedunculate; scales lance-oval, appressed.—Sand prairies, 
29* 
