348 LXXV. COMPOSITE. Cacatia. 
Peduncles more or less thickened upwards. Scales linear, acute, purplish at 
apex. Rays 4—5” long, spreading. May—Aug. 
8. Balsamite. (S. Balsamite. Mul.) St. villous at base; lvs. few, small 
and distant, pubescent, radical ones oblong-lanceolate ; ped. villous at base. 
Rocky hills and pastures. 
y- gracilis, (S. gracilis. Ph.) Radical lwvs. orbicular, on long petioles, cau- 
line tew, linear-oblong, incisely dentate; ped. short, pilose, with small, few- 
rayed heads.—A slender state of the species, on rocky shores. 
6. obovatus. (S. obovatus. Willd.) Radical lvs. obovate ; ped, elongated.— 
Meadows, &c. 
e. lanceolatus. Oakes. Radical lvs. lanceolate, acute, cauline lanceolate, pin- 
natifid at base—Shady swamps, Vt. Robbins. 
3. S. psEuDO-ELEGANS. DC. (S. elegans. Linn.) Purple Jacobaa.—tLas. 
equal, pinnatifid, pilose-viscid, spreading ; ped. somewhat scaly; invol. calyc- 
ulate with leafy scales; scales mostly withered at the tips—Native of the Cape 
of Good Hope. A beautiful plant in cultivation. Flowers of the disk yellow, 
of the rays of a most brilliant purple. A variety has double flowers, with colors 
equally brilliant. Another variety has white flowers. Jn.—Aug. f 
Section 3. Heads discoid. 
50. HYMENOPAPPUS. L’Her. 
Gr. dev, a membrane,ram7os,pappus; from the character. 
Heads many-flowered ; flowers all $, tubular; scales 6—12, in 2 
series, oval, obtuse, membranaceous, colored ; receptacle small, naked ; 
anthers exserted; achenia broad at the summit, attenuate to the 
base ; pappus of many short, obtuse, membranaceous scales in one se- 
ries.—® or 2 North American, villose herbs. St. grooved and angled. 
LIvs. alternate, pinnately divided. 
H. scazioszus. L/’Her. 
Hoary-villose, or nearly glabrous; /vs. pinnately or bipinnately parted, 
segments linear or oblong, entire or sparingly toothed; Ads. collected in simple 
corymbs ; scales of the invol. obovate, 7—11, white, greenish at base, undulate 
on the margin, longer than the disk; cor. deeply lobed; ach. pubescent.—Ill. 
Mead! and Southern States. Stem 1—2f high, whitish with soft cotton when 
young, at length purplish and glabrous. Segments 1—1}/ by 1—2”, rather 
acute. Heads whitish, about 21-flowered. (Apr. May. T. ¢ G. Aug. Mead.) 
51. CACALIA. 
An ancient Gr. name ofan uncertain plant. 
Flowers all $; involucre cylindric, oblong, often calyculate with 
small scales at the base; receptacle not chaffy; pappus capillary, 
scabrous.— Mostly %. Smooth. Lvs. alternate. Hads. of fls. corymbed. 
mostly cyante. 
1. C. suavedéLens. Wild Caraway. 
Glabrous; st. striate-angular; Jvs. petiolate, hastate-sagittate, serrate, 
smooth, green on both sides; fls. corymbed, erect; invol. many-flowered.—2 
Western N. Y. to Conn., Robbins! to Ga.! and Ill. Stems 4—5f high, striate, 
leafy. Radical leaves on long stalks, pointed; cauline ones on winged stalks. 
Flowers whitish, in a terminal, compound corymb. Scales and peduncles 
smooth, with setaceous bracts beneath the involucre, and beneath the divisions 
of the peduncles. Aug.—Resembles a Nabalus. 
2. C. atRipiicirouia. Orache-leaved Caraway. 
St. herbaceous; lvs. petiolate, smooth, glaucous beneath, radical ones cor- 
date, dentate, cauline ones rhomboid, sub-bidentate on each side ; fls. corymbed, 
erect; invol. 5-flowered.—N. Y. to Ga. and Ill.! Stem 3—5f high, round, 
leafy, subramose. Leaves alternate, the lower ones as large as the hand, with 
large, unequal teeth. Heads of flowers small, ovoid-cylindric, whitish, loosely 
corymbose at the tops of the branches. Jl.—Sept. 
