446 XCIX. SOLANACEZ. NICANDR&. 
to Europe, 1586. I[t is extensively cultivated in the Middle and Western » 
States, and is exported in vast quantities. Stem 4—6f high, paniculate above. 
Leaves 1—2f by 4—1f entire. Flowers rose-color, not inelegant. July. 
Obs.—Sir Walter Raleigh has the honor of first introducing the practice of smoking into Bogand. more 
than 200 years ago, and in his house at Islington is still to be seen ashield bearing his arms, with a tobacce 
plant at the top. Loudon. ‘The use of this nauseous weed has become almost universal, and furnishes 
a striking illustration of the force of habit. Its first use, whether smoked or chewed, produces a deadly 
sickness; and it is only by repeated and painful trials that it can be tolerated. At length, however, it 
becomes so necessary to the comfort of its victim, that, at all times and places, its precious smoke or 
extract must be flowing continually from his mouth. Taken into the stomach, it is a powerful narcotic 
poison. July. 
3. DATURA. 
An alteration of the Arabic name Tatorah. 
Calyx large, tubular, ventricose, 5-angled, deciduous, with a persis- 
tent, orbicular, peltate base; corolla infundibuliform, tube cylindric, 
long, limb 5-angled and plaited; stamens 5 ; stigma obtuse, bilamel- 
late; capsule 2-celled, 4-valved ; cells 2—3-parted—Q herbs, with 
bluish-white or purple, solitary, axillary flowers. 
1. D. Stramonium. Thorn Apple. 
St. dichotomous; lvs. ovate, smooth, angular-dentate; caps. spiny, erect.— 
A well-known poisonous plant, growing among rubbish in waste places. Stem 
about 3f high, smooth, hollow. Leaves large, situated at the base of the dichoto- 
mous branches, their sides unequal, with large, irregular teeth and sinuses. 
Flowers solitary, axillary; corolla funnel-shaped, with a long tube and a plaited, 
5-toothed border, the color white with a slight tinge of purple. Fruit egg-shaped, 
the size of a small apple, covered with spines. Aug.—Every part is poisonous, 
but, when used with certain restrictions, is a useful medicine for asthma, &c. § 
B. Tatula. St. and fls. purple-—This variety has advanced along the nationa 
road to Ia., Plummer! and Il., Mead. 
2. D. METEL. . 
LIws. cordate, nearly entire, pubescent; fr. prickly, globose, nodding.— 
Banks of the Ohio, Locke. Doubtless introduced, having escaped from gardens. 
Plant 2f high. Flowers white. § t 
4. HYOSCYAMUS. Tourn. 
Gr. 4s, 405, apig, and xvapos, bean; the fruit is said to be not poisonous to swine. 
Calyx tubular, 5-cleft; corolla infundibuliform, irregular ; one of 
the 5, obtuse lobes larger; stamens 5, declinate; stigma capitate ; 
capsule ovoid, 2-celled, opening with a lid near the summit.— Coarse, 
weed-like herbs, native vn eastern countries. 
H. nicer. Common Henbane. 
St. branching, erect, very leafy ; lvs. sinuate, clasping ; fis. sessile—@ A 
tall, well known, fcetid weed, growing about the rubbish of old houses, road- 
sides, &c. The whole plant is hairy, viscid, and of a sea-green hue, emitting 
a fetid odor. Stem 2fhigh, round. Leaves large, oblong, cut into acute, sinu- 
ate lobes. Flowers in terminal, one-sided spikes; the corolla straw-color, finely 
reticulated with dark purple veins. The whole plant is reputed poisonous, but 
has long been regarded as an excellent medicine in nervous diseases, coughs, 
convulsions, &c. Jl. 4 
5. NICANDRA. Adans. 
In honor of Nicander, a Greek physician, who lived about 50 years B. C. 
Calyx 5-cleft, 5-angled, the angles compressed, sepals sagittate ; 
corolla campanulate ; stamens 5, incurved; berry 3—®5-celled, en- 
veloped in the persistent calyx —® Peruvian herbs. 
NN. puysatoipes. Adans. (Atropa physaloides. Linn.) Apple of Peru.—St. 
herbaceous; /vs. glabrous, sinuate, angular; fls. solitary, axillary, on short pe- 
duncles; cal. closed with the angles very acute.—Native of Peru, cultivated in 
gardens, from whence it has in a few instances strayed into the neighboring 
