466 CVI. CHENOPODIACES. 
base of the stem. Calyx dull purple, of a leathery texture, tubular, bent almost 
double, gibbous at the base and at the angle, limb 2-lipped, upper lip 2-lobed. 
Capsule obovate, 6-angled, 6—9’ long, with numerous small seeds, June.— 
The dried root is a valuable stimulant, diaphoretic and tonic, containing cam- 
phor. It has a warm, bitter, pungent taste. 
2. A. Stpno. L’Her. Dutchman’s pipe. 
St. twining, shrubby; ws. ample, suborbicular, cordate, entire, acute, 
petiolate; ped. 1-flowered, furnished with a single, ovate bract; cal. tube bent, 
ascending, limb 3-cleft, equal—A vigorous climber in mountainous woods, 
Western Penn. to Ky. and S. States. St. woody, twining, and ascending trees 
30 or 40f. Leaves 6—12/ diam., alternate, sprinkled with soft hairs. Flowers 
solitary, the tube long and bent at nearly a right angle, in the form of a (siphon 
or) tobacco pipe, and of a dull brown color. It is highly ornamental in culti- 
vation, for arbors. June. + ‘ 
Orver CVI. CHEN OPODIACEA.—Cuenorons. 
Herbs or undershrubs, with alternate (rarely opposite) leaves without stipules. 
Fis. inconspicuous, generally perfect, often dicecious or polygamous. 
Cal. deeply divided often tubular at base, imbricate in estivation. : 
Sta. from the base of the calyx, as many as its lobes or fewer, and opposite to them. 
Ova. 1, with 1 ovule attached to its base within. Styles 2—4, rarelyl. 
Fr. autricle. Embryo usually curved around fleshy albumen. 
Genera 63, species 360, often maritime plants, and more generally weeds, abounding in the northern 
temperate zone. - 
Properties.—Some are useful for food, as the beet, mangel-wurtzel, orache, spinach, §-c. Others con- 
tain an essential oil, which renders them tonic, ‘antispasmodic and arthebente; ae Chosen, 
botrys, C. ambrosivides, C. anthelminticum ; the latter yields the officinal worm-seed oil. i 
cornia and other sea-side species yield soda from their ashes in great abundance. : 
FIG. 52.—1. Flower of Chenopodium album. 2. Calyx, &c., removed, showing the ovary and two 
(hypogynous) stamens. 3. Cross section of the seed, showing the coiled embryo. 4. Branch of Salicor- 
nia herbacea. 5. Two joints magnified. 6. Ovary of a flower, 7. Flower of Blitum capitatum, with 
the fleshy calyx. 8. Vertical section of the ovary. 9. Flower of Beta vulgaris, 
Conspectus of the Genera. 
Fruit partly invested (Seed lenticular. . . Chenopodium. 7 
in calyx. ... . . @Seedreniform. . . Beta. 8 
Stamens 5. . ( Fr. wholly invested in cal.. Lvs. subulate. . Salsola. 2 
Styles 1. Leafless plants. . . r . Salicornia. 1 
(all perfect. (Stamens 1—2?Styles 2. Leafy plants. . . + ~ + Blitum. 6 
dicecious. yo Aes sessile. Leaves ovate-lanceolate. bes 01 yee Atnida. 4 
Stamens 5. 2 Stig. on capillary styles. Lvs. hastate-lanceolate. . c “ ee 3 
Flowers (polygamous. Stamens 5. oS ES 6g ier les 5 
1 SALICORNIA. 
Lat. sal, salt, cornu, horn; in allusion both to its locality and appearance. 
Calyx turbinate, fleshy, closed, entire ; sta. 1—2; style 1, bifid ; 
utricle invested in the calyx, 1-seeded—=Salt marsh herbs, rarely 
shrubby, destitute of leaves. . | 
1. S. HERBAcEA. (S. mucronata? Bw.) Herbaceous Samphire or Saliwort. 
St. erect, herbaceous, spreading; joints compressed; internodes dilated 
upwards, truncated; branches numerous, opposite, light green, jointed, succu- 
lent, smooth, terminating in a spike; spikes lateral and terminal, tapering 
upwards; fis. small, sessile, about three on each side of the base of every 
joint.—A leafless plant with succulent and jointed branches, about a foot high, 
growing abundantly on sea shores and salt marshes, N. Eng.! to Ga.; also at 
Salina, N. York. "This and other species are said to make a good pickle for 
the table. When burned, its ashes yield soda. Aug. “pats 
