Cary. CXXHL. JUGLANDACEZ. 491 
2. J. nicra. Black Walnut. - 
Lfts. numerous (15—21), ovate-lanceolate, serrate, subcordate, tapering 
above ; petioles and under side of the leaves subpubescent; fr. globose, with 
scabrous punctures.—The black walnut is a common and stately forest tree 
_-in the Middle and Western States, but sparingly found in the Northern. It 
arises 60—90f! high with a diameter of 3—6. In open lands it spreads widely 
into a spacious head. The duramen of the wood is compact and heavy, of a 
deep violet color, surrounded with a white alburnum. It is used extensively, 
west of the Alleghanies, for building, and every where for cabinet wort 
April, May. 
2. CARYA. 
Gr. kapva, the walnut, from «apa, roundish ; in allusion to the shape of the nut. 
& Aments imbricated, slender and mostly 3-parted or trichoto- 
mous; scales 3-parted; stamens 4—6; anthers hairy. 9? Calyx 
4-cleft, superior; corolla 0; styles 0; stigma divided, 2-lobed, the 
lobes bifid; epicarp 4-valved; nucleus subquadrangular, even.— 
Large trees. Pubescence stellate. Lfts. few. & aments branched. 
1. C. arpa. Nutt. he tm squamosa. Mz. f.) Shag-bark Walnut or 
Hickory.—Lfts. 5—7, on long petioles, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 
sharply serrate, villous beneath, the odd one sessile; aments filiform, smooth; 
fr. somewhat quadrangular, smooth.—Native throughout the Atlantic States, 
and abundant farther west. In forests it is very tall and slender, with rough 
and shaggy bark consisting externally of long, narrow plates loosely adhering 
by the middle. Like other hickories, the wood is strong and elastic, compact 
and heavy, and is much used where these qualities are required, as in making 
hoops, whip stalks, axe handles, the keels of vessels, &c. It is considered 
superior to all other wood for fuel. The fruit is covered with a very thick epi- 
carp separating into 4 parts, and containing a thin-shelled, richly-flavored 
kernel. April, May. 
2. C. romenTosa. Michx. (Juglansalba. Linn.) White Walnut. Mocker- 
nut Hickory.—Lfts. 7 or 9, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, slightly serrate, 
pubescent beneath, odd one subpetiolate; aments filiform, tomentose ; fr. sub- 
globose, smooth, with a very thick pericarp; nwt with a hard, thick shell anda 
small, but agreeably-flavored kernel—This tree is found in all the Atlantic 
States, growing 50f high in woods. The bark is thick and rugged, but never 
scaly. In winter it may be known by its large, greyish-white and very hard 
buds. The drupes, which are very various in size, have a small kernel diffi- 
cult to extract, on which account they are less sought than the shag-barks. 
April, May. 
3. C. porcina. Nutt. (Juglans glabra. Willd.) Hog Walnut. 
Lfts. mostly 7, lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, smooth both sides, odd 
one subsessile; fr. and nucleus ‘obcordate or oblong.—Found in woods through- 
out the U. S., growing to the height of 50—70f. The drupes afford small, bit- 
ter kernels. The wood possesses the general properties of the hickories in 
a superior degree, and is used wherever great strength is required. It makes 
excellent fuel. May. 
4. C. amara. Nutt. (Juglans amara. Michz.) Bitternut Hickory. 
Lfis. about 9, ovate-oblong, acuminate, sharply serrate, smooth both sides 
except the pubescent veins and midvein, odd one short, petiolate, the rest ses- 
sile; fr. subglobose, with the sutures prominent above; drupe smooth, subglo- 
bose ; kernel bitter.—Grows in most of the U. S., but attains its greatest size in 
Penn. and along the Ohio valley. The drupe hasa thin shell which may be 
broken by the fingers and contains a kernel so bitter that animals will scarcely 
touch it. 
5. C. suncira. Nutt. (Juglans. Willd. J. laciniosa. Mz. Thick Shell-bark. 
Lfis. i—9, obovate-lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, pubescent beneath, ter- 
minal one subsessile and attenuate to the base; fr. roundish, 4-angled, smooth, 
nut oblong, slightly compressed, conspicuously mucronate —N. Y. to Car. and 
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