QUERCUS. CXXIV. CUPULIFERZ. 493 
ship-building, in coopering, in carriage-making, in ploughs, mills, &c. The 
bark is useful in tanning, and in medicine. May. 
2. Q. MACROCARPA. Overcup White Oak. . 
Iws. tomentose beneath, deeply and lyrately sinuate-lobed (most deeply 
in the middle), lobes obtuse, repand, upper ones dilated; cupule deep, with the 
upper scales setose ; acorn ovate, turgid.—Most common in the Western States! 
frequenting limestone hills, but is occasionally met with in N. Eng. and N. Y. 
It is 60—70f in height, clothing itself with dark green, luxuriant foliage. Leaves 
10—15’ long, being larger than those of any other species here described. The 
acorns are also of extraordinary size, enclosed 3 of their length in the cup which 
is usually bordered with hair-like filaments. May. 
3. Q. sTELLATA. (Q. obtusiloba. Michx.) Iron Oak. 
Lws. deeply sinuate, cuneiform at the base, pubescent beneath, lobes very 
obtuse, the 3 upper ones dilated, 2-lobed ; cal. hemispherical ; acorn oval.—The 
iron oak, called also post oak, box white oak, turkey oak, &-c., is common in the 
Western! Middle and Southern States, rare in N. Eng. It is a tree of moder- 
ate size, with widely spreading and very crooked branches. The bark is grey- 
ish-white. Leaves thick, strongly tomentose beneath, in 4 or 5 lobes which are 
sometimes so arranged as to appear cruciform or stellate. Acorns very sweet. 
The timber is finer grained, stronger and more durable than white oak, hénce 
it is useful for posts, staves, carriages, &c. The crooked branches afford knees 
for ship-building. 
4. Q. oLtivEFormis. Mossy-cup Oak. 
Iws. oblong, smooth, glaucous beneath, deeply and unequally sinuate-pin- 
natifid ; cwp. deeply bowl-shaped, fringed on the edge; acorn oval-ovate.—This 
species of oak is confined to a few districts of N. Y. and Penn. It isa large 
and majestic tree, chiefly remarkable for its smaller branches always inclining 
downwards. The leaves are so irregularly cut and lobed that scarcely two can 
be found alike. May. 
* * Leaves dentate, not lobed. 
5. Q. prinus. Willd. (Q. Prinus palustris. Michz.) Swamp Chestnut Oak. 
Lvs. on long petioles, obovate, acute, pubescent beneath, with coarse, un- 
equal, dilated teeth, callous at the tip; cup deep, attenuate at base; acorn ovate. 
—This oak is seldom met with in N. England, but abounds in the rest of the 
U.S. Itisone of the loftiest trees of the forest, arising to the height of 50f 
with its undivided, straight and uniform trunk, and thence with its expansive 
top to the height of 80—90f. Flowers appear in May, succeeded by large and 
sweet acorns. The timber is valuable in the arts, and makes excellent fuel. 
6. Q. BicéLtor. Willd. (Q. Prinus discolor. Michz.) Swamp While Oak. 
Ivs. oblong-ovate, downy, white underneath, coarsely toothed, entire at 
the base, the teeth unequal, dilated, rather acute, callous at the tip; petivles 
short; fr. on long peduncles, in pairs, cup hemispherical, acorn oblong-ovate.— 
‘The swamp oak is diffused throughout most of the U.S., growing in low, swampy 
woods. It is a beautiful tree, attaining in favorable situations the height of 70f. 
Foliage rich and luxuriant, leaves smooth and green above and white downy 
beneath, 5—7’ by 24—4’. The trunk is covered with a grayish-white bark 
which divides into large, flat scales. It affords excellent fuel and timber. 
7.-C. Montana. Willd. (Q. Prinus monticola. Mz.) Mountain Oak. 
Is. broad-ovate, oblong, white downy beneath, shining above, coarsely 
toothed, obtuse and unequal at the base; éeeth obtuse (or rarely acute!) sub-— 
equal; fr. in pairs, on short peduncles, cup hemispherical, with rugose and 
tubercular scales, acorn ovate. This oak, sometimes called rock chestnut oak, 
is native of the Northern and Middle States, growing in woods and mountain 
sides. Its height seldom exceeds 60f, and is generally much less. In open 
situations its top spreads widely and symmetrically. The petiole is yellow, 
rather short. ‘Timber valuable in ship-building, &c. 
8. Q, casTanga. Willd. (Q. Prinus acuminata. Michz.) Yellow Oak. 
Chesinut Oak.—Lvs. on long petioles, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse at base, 
acuminate, downy beneath, with coarse, subequal, dilated, obtuse teeth ; cup 
