514 CXXXI. CONIFER. 
Conspectus of the Genera. 
. ; Scales thick and blunt at edge. 
Leaves linear or acerose. . . ¢ Scales thin and even at edge. 
eM Fertile scales 4—8-ovuled. . . 
a woody cone. ( Leaves scale-like, imbricate. @Fertile scales2-ovuled. . . . 
_ 3a fleshy berry with 3 bony seeds. Leaves mostly acerose. Uo Pere 
Fruit (a fleshy drupe with a single seed. Leaves linear, 2-ranked. P ‘ oe ° 
TriseEl. ABIETINEZX. 
Flowers § § 9.— aments numerous, deciduous. Scales peltate, each bear- 
ing 2 sessile, 1-celled anthers. Q Strobile ovoid; carpellary scales closely 
imbricated, each bearing a pair of ovules adhering to the base inside, and 
subtended by a bract outside; fruit a woody strobile or cone; seeds winged, 
cotyledons 2—15. 
1. .PiN-US. 
Celtic pin or pen, a rock or mountain ; many species of this noble genus prefer such situations. 
Strobile large, conical; carpellary scales thickened at the summit, 
becoming strong and woody in fruit; cotyledons 4—8.—Tvees, often 
of the loftrest dimensions. Branches often verticillate. Leaves evergreen, 
acerose, in fascicles of 2—5, each fascicle invested with a membranous 
sheath at base. 
1. P. resinosa. Ait. (P. rubra. Michz.) Norway Pine, Red Pine. 
ZIws. in pairs, channeled, elongated, with elongated sheaths; cones ovoid- 
conic, rounded at the base, subsolitary, about half as long as,the leaves; scales 
unarmed, dilated in the middle.—It abounds in the northern parts of the U. S. 
and in Canada, attaining the height of 80f, with a trunk 2f in diameter, very 
straight and uniform. Bark smoother, and of a clearer red than other pines, 
Leaves chiefly collected towards the ends of the branches, always in pairs, 
5—8’ in length, the sheaths 3—13’. This pine affords a fine-grained, resinous 
timber of much strength and durability, and highly valued in architecture. May. 
2. P. Banxsiana. Lambert. (P. rupestris. Michz.) Scrub Pine. 
Las. in pairs, rigid, curved, acute, terete upon the back and channeled 
above, margins somewhat scabrous ; cones ovate-acuminate, recurved, tortuous; 
scales unarmed, obtuse, smooth.—A small tree, with long, spreading, flexible 
branches, abounding in barrens,in Me. and British America. Leaves about 
an inch in length. Cones nearly twice as long as the leaves, usually in pairs. 
April, May. 
3. P. 1nops. Ait. Jersey or Scrub Pine. 
Lvs. in pairs, rather short, obtuse, rigid, channeled above, terete beneath, 
margins obscurely serrulate; cones recurved, ovoid-oblong, as long as the 
leaves; scales of the cone compact, obtuse at base, with a straight, subulate 
point—A tree 15—25f high, on barrens in the Middle States. Branches strag- 
gling, and, with the trunk, covered with a rough, blackish bark. Leaves 1—2’ 
long. The wood abounds in resin. May. ; 
4. P. vartaBitis. Lamb. (P. mitis. Michx. f.) Yellow Pine. Spruce 
Pine.—Lvs. 2—3 together, channeled on the inner surface; cones ovoid, 
subsolitary ; scales armed with short, incurved spines.— W idely diffused through- 
out the country, attaining the height of 50—60f. Leaves dark green, 5—6’ long, 
covering the branchlets. Cones 2—3/ long, rugged with the projecting point 
of the scales. It furnishes close-grained and moderately resinous timber, 
which is used in immense quantities for all kinds of architecture. May. 
5. P. riaipa. Pitch Pine. 
Lvs. in 3s, with short sheaths; cones pyramidal-ovoid, clustered; scales 
with reflexed spines.—Common in barren, sandy plains, which it often exclu- 
sively occupies. It is of moderate height at the north (25—30f), but attains 
a great height in the Southern States. The trunk, which is seldom straight, is 
covered with a very thick and rough bark cleft with deep furrows. Leaves 
4—6’ long. Cones usually several together, 2~3/ long. The wood is heavy 
