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.. JUNIPERUS. CXXXI. CONIFERZ. 517 
2. C. pistycHa. (Taxodium distychum. L. C. Rich.) Cypress. 
Lvs. in 2 rows ope eget: deciduous, flat; sterile aments paniculate, leaf- 
less, pendulous; cone oblong-globose.—One of the largest trees of the forest, 
native of N. J. to Mexico. It grows in wet soils, forming what is called the 
cypress or cedar swamps of the Southern States. The trunk arises to the height 
of 125f with a circumference of 25—40f above the conical base. The roots 
produce large, conical excrescences, which, being hollow, are sometimes used 
for beehives. The head is wide-spread, and often depressed. Foliage light 
green and open. Cones 1’ diam., composed of the indurated, combined scales. 
‘Timber light, fine-grained and durable. . 
4, THUI A. 
Gr. Sve, to sacrifice ; the wood is fragrant in burning and was used in sacrifices. 
Flowers §.—¢ in an imbricated ament; anthers 4, sessile. 9 in 
a strobile, each scale bearing 2 erect ovules at the base inside; seed 
winged ; integument membranous; cotyledons 2 or more.— Tees or 
shrubs. Lvs. evergreen, squamose, umbricate. 
T. occipENTALIS. Arbor Vite. 
Branchlets ancipital ; lvs. imbricate in 4 rows, rhomboid-ovate, appressed, 
tuberculate ; cones oblong, the inner scales truncated and gibbous below the 
tip.—This tree is often called white cedar, and from its resemblance might easily 
be mistaken for the Cupressus thyoides. It abounds in the British Provinces and 
in the northern parts of the U.S. on the rocky borders of streams and lakes, 
and in swamps. It has a crooked trunk, rapidly diminishing in size upwards, 
throwing out branches from base to summit. The evergreen foliage consists 
of branchlets much more flat and broad than those’of the white cedar. Cones 
terminal, consisting of a few long, loose scales, unlike the round, compact cones 
of that tree. The wood is very light, soft and durable. Its most important use 
is for fences. May. 
= 5. JUNIPERUS. 
Celtic Juneprus. rough or rude. 
Flowers & 9, rarely £.—c ament ovate; scales verticillate, pel- 
tate ; anthers 4—8, I-celled. 9 ament globose; scales few, united 
at base, concave; ovules 1 at the base of each scale; berry formed of 
the enlarged, fleshy scales containing 2—3 bony seeds; cotyledons 2. 
— Trees or shrubs. Lvs. evergreen, mostly acerose, opposite or in whorls 
of 8. 
1. J. comminis. Common Juniper. 
Is. ternate, spreading, subulate, mucronate, longer than the berry.—A 
shrub, with numerous, prostrate branches, growing in dry woods and hills, often 
arising in a slender pyramid, 6—8f high (rarely arboreous, Dr. Robbins!) 
Leaves arranged in whorls of 3, 5—8” long, acerose-lanceolate, ending in a 
sharp, bristly point, channeled and glaucous on the midvein above, keeled and 
green below. Barren flowers in small, axillary aments or cones; fertile ones 
on a distinct shrub, small, axillary, sessile. Berries roundish, oblong, dark 
blue, ripening the second year from the flower. They are then sweetish, with 
a taste of turpentine. In medicine they are diuretic and cordial. May. 
2. J. Vireintina. (J. Sabina. Hook.) Red Cedar. 
Upper lwvs. imbricate in 4 rows, ovate-lanceolate, pungently acute, appressed, 
older ones acerose, cuspidate, spreading; trwnk arboreous.—Found throughout 
the U.S., but chiefly in the maritime parts, growing in dry, rocky situations. 
It is a tree of middle size, sending out numerous, horizontal branches. } Leaves 
dark green, the younger ones small, ovate, acute, scale-like, overlaying each 
other in 4 rows, upon the subdivided branchlets; the older ones }/ long. Flow- 
ers inconspicuous, the staminate in oblong, terminal aments, }/ long; the fer- 
tile on separate trees, producing small, bluish berries covered with a white 
powder. The wood is fine-grained and compact, of a reddish hue, very light 
