Festuca. CLXI. GRAMINE. 611 
lower palea tordate, bifid at the apex, usually awned a little below 
the tip, upper palea conduplicate, ciliate on the margin; scales 
ovate, smooth. 
1. B. secatinus. Cheat. Chess. 
St. smooth, erect, 3f high; dvs. flat, rough at the edge and above; sheaths 
veined, smooth ; stip. laciniate; panicle spreading, the branches mostly simple, 
each bearing 1—2 spikelets; spzkelets ovate, compressed, about 10-flowered, large, 
2-ranked, oval, appearing not unlike short heads of wheat. Flowers distinct, 
awn very short.—@ A handsome grass in fields, often among wheat. June. § 
2. B. arvensis. (B. mollis of Am. auth.?) Soft Brome Grass. 
Root @ ; st. erect, mostly pubescent, 1—2t high; lvs. and sheaths downy- 
pubescent; panicle erect, close, compound, 3—4’ long; spikelets oblong-ovate, 
slightly compressed, tomentose, 5—10-flowered ; fis. elliptical; lower palea ob- 
long-lanceolate, 7-veined, with a straight awn nearly itslength. A coarse grass, 
in fields and roadsides. June, July. § 
3. B. purcans, (Canadensis, ciliatus and pubescens, of Linn., MuAl., G-c.) 
St. terete, rather slender, simple, erect, 2—4f high, nodes blackish; Jvs. 
broadly linear, flat, rough-edged, more or less pubescent, striate, 6—12! by 3—5”; 
sheaths more or less pilose with deflexed hairs; panicle large, erect, 5—8’ long, 
finally nodding, branches in 2s—4s, compound, scabrous-pubescent ; spikelets 
numerous, lance-ovoid, subterete, 7—11-flowered, pedicellate, 9—13” long, acute 
at each end; fis. imbricated, lower palea pubescent, longer than its straight awn, 
upper green at edge and beautifully ciliate—2, Fields and woods, U.S. and 
Brit. Am. Jn., Jl—vVaries in size, pubescence, &c., but its forms can scarcely 
be characterized even as varieties.—A coarse, showy grass, of little value. 
35. CERATOCHLOA. Palis. 
Gr. xepas, meparos, a horn, x oa, grass. 
Panicle simple; spikelets lanceolate, compressed, many-flowered ; 
glumes shorter than the flowers, paleze -bifid-toothed, the lower one 
mucronate between the teeth; fruit coated, furrowed, 3-horned. 
C. UNILGIDEs. Palis. 
St. 1—2f high; Jws. lance-linear, pubescent, veined; sheaths bearded at the 
throat; stip. ovate; panicle small, nodding, spreading, branches in pairs; spike- 
lets oblong-lanceolate, pedicels hairy; glumes nearly equal, acuminate, striate; 
pde@ unequal, lanceolate, acuminate, margined ; sta.3.—River bottoms, Penn., 
Car. 5 
36. FESTUCA. 
A Latin name for the shoot or stalk of a plant. 
Spikelets oblong, acute at each end, subterete; glumes 2, unequal, 
shorter than the flowers; paleze lanceolate, lower one sharply acumi- 
nate or awned at the extremity; caryopsis coated. 
1. F. reneLta. Willd. Slender Fescue Grass. 
St. filiform, wiry, often growing in tufts and geniculate at base, 6—12’ 
high ; lvs. erect, linear-setaceous, 2—3’ long; sheaths subpubescent, with lace- 
rated stipules; panicle simple, contracted, rather secund, branches alone or in 
pairs; spikelets 5—7-flowered, with subulate, subequal glumes, at length brown- 
ish; fils. subulate, longer than their awns.—@) Sandy fields, N. Eng. to IIl.,S. to 
Car. June. 
2. F. evatior. Tall Fescue Grass. : 
St. smooth, 3--4f high; dvs. lanceolate, smooth, rough-edged, a foot long, 
on smooth, loose sheaths; panicle drooping, very branching, loosely spreading, 
branches in pairs; spikelets lance-ovate, acute, 4—6-flowered, 6—8” long, race- 
mose on the branches; lower glume shorter; lower palee acuminate or mucro- 
nate.—A fine grass, in meadows, U.S. and Can. June. 
3. F. pratensis. Huds. Meadow Fescue Grass. 
St. smooth, 2—3f high; /vs. lance-linear, veined, smooth, rough-edged, 
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