21 



ORDER XV. VIOLARIE^. 



An Order the best known species of which is probably Viola 

 odorafa, the common " Violet." The roots and leaves of some species 

 of Viola have been used medicinally. The roots of some Alsodeias are 

 emetic, and in America have been used as substitutes for Ipecacuhuana, 

 and the root of an American species of lonidium has been employed as 

 a remedy for tubercular elephantiasis. Number of species about 240. 



(Ex. Violet.) 

 Petals 5, very imequal, lower largest. Ionidium. 



Petals sub-equal, Filaments connate. A shrub. iVusoDEiA, 



List of Species. 



1 Ionidium, Vent, 

 caffrum, Sond. 

 capense, B. ^ N. 

 natalense, Han. 

 thymifolium, Presl. 



2 Alsodeia, Thouars. 

 sp (J. M. Wood, 1001) 



B-D. 



A. 



AH. 



B. 



Z. 



ORDER XVII. BIXINE.E. 

 Bixa orellana which yields Arnotto is, perhaps, the most prominent 

 member of this Order. Amongst our species Bovyalis rhamnoides and 

 Aberia caff r a bear eatable fruits. All are trees or shrubs, but their 

 wood is of little value. Xylosma, which formerly belonged to this 

 Order, has been removed to Monimiacete, and its name altered to 

 Xymalos. Number of species about 150. 



(Ex. Kei Apple : Umnanaml) 

 Flowers bisexual or polygamous. Style columnar or short 1 



Flowers unisexual, dioecious. Anthers opening at apex. 



Petals 5. KlGGEL.\RIA 



Flowers unisexual, dicecious. Anthers slitting. Petals none. 2 



1 Sepals deciduous. Petals 10-12, larger than sepals. Oncoba. 



1 Sepals persistent. Petals 4-5, small, deciduous. Rawsonia. 



1 Calyx deeply 10-12 fid in 2 rows. Petals none. Scoix)pia. 



2 Calyx 6-10 fid in a double row. Fruit a capsule. Tr[meris. 



2 Calyx 5-7 fid in a single row. Styles 3. Fruit a berry. Dovyalis. 



2 Calyx 5-7 fid in a single row. Styles 0. Fruit a berry. Aberia. 



List of Species. 



A. 



A. 



? 

 A. 



AB. 

 BE. 



