63 



by Valeriana officinalis, and one or two other species, and is a valuable 

 antispasmodic. Celtic Nard is yielded by Valeriana celtica and V. 

 Saliunca. Their roots are used medicinally and to scent baths. Both 

 species are natives of the higher regions of Styria and Carinthia. 

 Spikenard is the product of Nardostachys Jatamansi, and the young 

 leaves of some of the Valerianellas are used as salad. Our species is of 

 no known value. 



Number of species about 300. 



Herb with imparipinnate leaves, and pinky flowers. Valeriana. 



1 Valeriana, Linn. 

 capensis, Thh. B-E, 



ORDER LXXXVI. DIPSACE^. 



A smaU Order of temperate and warm countries, containing but 

 few plants of value. Some of them are used medicinally, and some 

 are cultivated for ornament, while the heads of Dipsacus fullorum, the 

 Fuller's Teazel are used for carding cloth. Our species are of no 

 value. 



Number of species probably not much exceeding 100. 



(Ex. Teazel. Scabious.) 



Involucral scales in several rows. C^alyx cup-like or 



discoid. Cephalaria. 



Involucral scales sub 2-seriate. Calyx crowned with 



5 bristles. Scabiosa. 



List of Species. 



ORDER LXXXVIII. COMPOSITiE. 



This is by far the largest family of flowering plants in the veget- 

 able Kingdom, and though in nearly all cases the connection of the 

 different plants to the family is easily seen, referring them to their 

 respective genera is frequently very difficult. 



Space will not allow more than an enumeration of a few of the 

 more prominent plants which have useful properties. Wormwood, 

 Southernwood, and Tarragon are different species of Artemisia, the 

 Tansy is Pyrethrum fanacetum, the well-known "Persian Insect 

 Powder " consists of the dried leaves of Pyrethrum cinerarifoUum , and 

 of some other closely allied species. Arnica is derived from Arnica 

 wontana. Guaco, a supposed remedy for the bites of snakes is from 



