•62 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 



varieties, those used for manufacture of sugar being distinguish- 

 ed as Sugar beets); Ger. Kunkelriibe, Zuckerriibe, Fr. Bettarave. 

 Fleshy roots esculent, rich in sugar. Leaves used as a pot herb. 

 [The wild B. maritima L., now regarded as the same species, is 

 called "Wild Spinach.] 



260. BET6nICA, L. - Betony. - Labiatae. 

 The Latin name of Wood Betony. Syn. Stachys, in part. 



Herbs resembling Stachys. About 12 species, Europe and Asia. 



a. B. officinalis L. ( Stachys Bet onicaBenth.). Southern Europe, 

 adv. U. S. Wood Betony, Bishop's-wort, Herb Christopher* 

 Wild Hop, Lousew^ort; Ger. Zehrkraut, Betonie; Fr. Betoine 

 (Codex), The blossoming platit, Herba betonica?, H. veronica 

 purpurese, formerly reputed febrifuge, etc. 



261. BETULA, L. - - Birch. - - Betulaceae. 



The ancient Latin name. Trees, some with white papery 

 cortex. About 35 species, north temperate and arctic zones; 9 

 in U. S. 



a. B. alba L. Northern Asia and Europe. White Birch, European 



White Birch, Lady Birch?, Birke, Make-peace, Ribbon-tree; 

 Ger. Birke; Fr. Bouleau. Source of Birch Tar or daggett, used 

 in making Russian leather. Empyreumatic oil, Oleum rusci, 

 Oleum betulinum v. moscovitum, antiseptic and vulnerary. 



b. B. lenta I^. Ontario to Florida. Sweet Birch, Cherry Birch, 



Black Birch, Spice Birch, River or Mahogany Birch, Moun-, 

 tain Mahogany. Branches and foliage yield an oil, sold as oil of 

 wintergreen . 



c. B. papyrifera Marsh, (B. papyracea Ait.), British America 



and northern U. S. Canoe Birch, Paper Birch, American 

 White Birch, Silver Birch, Bolean Birch, Spool-wood, Bark 

 used for many purposes. 



Other indigenous species are (d) B. liitea Michx, f.. Yellow 

 Birch; Gray, vSilver or Swamp Birch; (e) B, nigra L., River 

 Birch; Red, Black or Water Birch; (f) B. occidenalis Hook., 

 Western Red Birch; Black, Cherry, Gray, Sweet or Water 

 Birch of the far west; (g) B. popnllfolia Marsh (B. alba 

 var. populifolia Spach), the true American White Birch; 

 Gray, Pin, Poverty or Old-field Birch, (a smaller tree than 

 (c); (h) B. piimila L., Low Birch, also called Tag vVlderf. 



262. BICUCtJLLA, Adans. 1763. Ear-drops. Funiariaceae. 



From Latin, "double hooded". Syn. Diclytra, Borck. 1797, 

 (Dielytra), Dicentra, Bernh. 1833 ; Fumaria, Coiydalis, in part. 

 Herbs with dissected leaves and racemes of showy flowers. 

 About 14 species, N. America and western Asia; 8 in U. S. 



ji, B. Canadensis (Goldie) Millsp, (C, Canadensis Goldie, Diclytra 

 Canadensis DC, Dicentra Canadensis Walp,, C. forraosaAuct. 

 not DC), Ontario to Kentucky and Missouri, Turkey 

 Corn, Squirrel Corn, Turkey Pea, Staggerweed, Colic-weed, 

 Wild Hyacinth, Diclytra, Fumitory. Tubers, Corydalis, tonic* 

 diuretic, alterative. 



