80 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 



b. C. cynophallophora L. and (c) C. ferruginea L. (Mustard- 



shrub) of the West Indies have root-barks that are vesicating 

 and diuretic; plants anthelmintic. 



c. C. spiiioisa L. Mediterranean region to central Asia. Caper 



bush, Hyssop of Scripture; Ger, Kapper; Fr. C^prier; Sp. 

 Alcaparro. Buds, called capers, pungent, antiscorbutic. 



375. CAPRARIA, L. Capraria. Scrophulariaceae. 



From Latin, ' 'goat- weed" . Herbs or undershrubs, warmer 

 regions of Africa and America; 1 in U. S. 



376. CAPRIOLA, Adans. 1763. Bermuda Grass. Gramiiieae. 



From Latin, (food for the) ''wild goat". Syn. Cynodon, 

 Rich. 1805. Matted grasses, 4 species; 1 nat. in U. S. 



a. C. Dactylon (L. ) Kze. ( Panicum Dactylon L. , Cynodon Dacty- 

 lon Pers. ). Naturalized in U. S. from Europe and widely dis- 

 tributed. Bermuda Grass, Scutch or Scotch Grass, Dog's-tooth 

 Grass, Indian Couch-grass, Bahama Grass. Stolom, Radix 

 graminis dactyli, used in Europe like Couch-grass. 



377. CAPSICUM, L. Red Pepper, Pod Pepper. Solanaceae. 



From Latin, "box", alluding to the fruit. Herbs with pun- 

 gent fruit. About 25 species, warmer regions of both hemi- 

 spheres. 



a. C. Annuum L. S. America, now universally cult, in many 



varieties, some of which have been described as species, as C. 

 Ionium Fing. C. grossiim Willd. and C. cordiforme Mill. 

 Garden Pepper, Pod Pepper, Red Pepper, Spanish Pepper, 

 Goat's Pepper, Chili Pepper, Chillies, Guinea Pepper*, Bird 

 Pepper*;.Ger. Spanischer Pfeffer, Tiirkischer Pfeffer, Guinea 

 Pfefier, TaschenpfefFer, Schotenpfefier; Fr. Piment des jardins, 

 Poivre de Guinee (Codex), Piment rouge, Capsique; Sp. Chile, 

 Pimiento. Fruit of this and other species. Red Pepper, 

 Cayenne Pepper, Paprica; Fructus capsici. Piper hispauicum. 

 The German Pharmacopoeia recognizes C. annuum and C. Ion- 

 gum. Properties of (b). 



b. C, fastiguitiim Bl. (C. minimum, Roxb. not Mill.) S. America, 



now widely cult. Cayenne Pepper. Fruit known in eommerce 

 as African Pepper, Bird Pepper, in Great Britain as Guinea 

 Pepper and Chillies; Capsicum. U. S. P., Capsici fructus Br. 

 Piper cajannense; Ger. Cajennepfeffer; Fr. Piment de Cayenne 

 (Codex). [The only species admitted by the U. S. and British 

 Pharmacopoeias. ] Stimulant, stomachic, revulsive, rubefacitnt. 



c C. frntescens L. (C. crassum Willd. ) S. America. The fruit 

 of this species, smaller than that of (b), is also called Cayenne 

 pepper and is equally active. 



378. CARAPA, Aubl. Crab-tree, etc. Meliaceae. 

 Vernacular name, Guiana. Syn. Xylocarpus, in part- 

 Trees. About 5 species, tropical America and Africa. 



a. C. Guiaii^nsis Aubl. (X.CarapaSpreng. ). Guiana. Andiroba 

 or Carapa tree, Crabwood tree. Bark febrifuge. Seeds yield 

 Carapa oil, Carap or Crab oil, Andiroba oil. 



