128 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 



pies of the Hesperides; Ge<r. Quittenbaum; Fr. Cognassier, 

 Fruit; Fructus (Poma) cydoniae; Ger. Quitten; Fr. Going (Co- 

 dex ) ; Sp. Membrillo, Portuguese Marraelo, whence our word 

 marmalade; esculent, astringent. Seeds; Cydonium, Semen cy- 

 doniae, Quince seed; Ger. Quittensamen, Quittenkorner; Fr. 

 Semences (Pepins) de coing; mucilaginous, demulcent. [The 

 ornamental Japanese Quince is (b) C Japoiiica (Thunb. ) 

 Pers.] 



629. CYMBALARIA, Medic. Kenil worth Ivy. Scrophiilariaeeae. 



From Greek, "cymbal". Syn. Antirrhinum, Linaria, in 

 part. Creeping or spreading herbs. About 10 species, Old 

 World. 



a. C. Cymbalaria (L. ) Wettst. (H. Cymbalaria L., L. Cymba- 

 laria Mill. ). Europe, adv. in U. S. Kenilworth Ivy, Coli- 

 seum Ivy, Ivy-leaved Toad-flax, Wandering Jew, Ivy-weed, 

 Aaron' s-beard, Mother-of-thousands, Oxford-weed, Pedlar' s- 

 basket, Pennywort, Climbing or Roving Sailor, Rabbits. 



630. CYNANCHUM, L. 1753. Swallowwort*. Asclepiadaceae. 



From Greek, "dog-strangling". Syn. Vincetoxicum, Moench 

 1791 (not Walt. 1788), Asclepias, in part. Mostly perennial 

 vines. About 100 species, Old and New Worlds; 3 in U. S. 



a. C. acutuin L. (C. Monspeliacum L. ). Europe and Asia. 



French or Montpelier Scammony, from the milk sap of this 

 plant, has been used in place of true scammony. 



b. C. Yiiicetoxiciim (L. ) Pers. (Y. officinale Moench (Kew), A. 



Vincetoxicum Ij. ). Europe. Swallowwort, White Swallow- 

 wort, German Contrayerva, Tarae-poison; Ger. Schwalbenwurz, 

 Giftwende, Giftwurz, Gottesgabwurz; Fr. Asclepiade, Dompte- 

 venin (Codex), Hirundinaire. JRoot, Rad. vincetoxici v. 

 hirundinariae v. asclepiadis; emetic, cathartic, diuretic, 

 sudorific. 



631. CYNARA, L. - Artichoke. - Compositae. 



The classical name. Thistle-like herbs. About 8 species, 

 Mediterranean region. 



a. C. Cardiiuciilus L. Southern Europe, and widely cult. Car- 



doon. Blanched leaf stalks esculent. Floicers used in France to 

 coagulate milk. 



b. (D. Scolymus L. Southern Europe, northern Africa, and widely 



cult. Artichoke, Bur Artichoke. Fleshy scales of flower heads 

 edible when freed from the bristles or * 'choke". The "chard" 

 or blanched central leafstalk is also eaten. Artichoke is re- 

 puted a blood purifier, diuretic and cholagogue. 



632. CYN6CT0NUM, J. G. Gmel. 1791. Loganiaceae. 



From Greek, "dog slaying". Syn. Mitreola R. Br. 1810;. 

 Ophiorhiza, in part. Herbs. About 5 species; 1 in U. S. 



633. CY]V0GL6sSUM, L. Hound' s-tongue. Boragrinaceae. 



From Greek, "dog 's-tongue" . Herbs with bur-like fruits. 

 About 75 species; 5 in U. S. 



